Home Region: Mesopotamia (Southwest Asia)

Abbasid Caliphate II

1191 CE 1258 CE

D G SC WF R CC

EQ 2020 iq_abbasid_cal_2 / IqAbbs2

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General Description

The Second Abbasid Period (1191-1258 CE) was mostly remarkable for the city of Baghdad which is usually estimated to have had about 1 million inhabitants at the time of the Mongol sack in 1258 CE.
With the Mongol sack of Baghdad in 1258 CE "the culture, science and learning for which Baghdad had been known for centuries simply disappeared in a period of a week." ^[1] The city was defended by a garrison of just 10,000 soldiers. ^[2]
In 1200 CE the Abbasids held Iraq and part of western Iran south of the Caspian, the territories holding perhaps 3.9 million inhabitants. The governance system was still Perso-Islamic with a vizier chief bureaucrat who oversaw government departments. ^[3]
The reign of al-Nasir (1180-1225 CE) was notable for being absolutely repressive "the caliph’s spies were so efficient and the caliph himself so ruthless that a man hardly dared to speak to his own wife in the privacy of his home." ^[4]

[1]: (DeVries 2014, 209) Kelly DeVries in Morton, N. John, S. eds. 2014. Crusading and Warfare in the Middle Ages: Realities and Representations. Essays in Honour of John France. Ashgate Publishing Ltd.

[2]: (DeVries 2014, 207) Kelly DeVries in Morton, N. John, S. eds. 2014. Crusading and Warfare in the Middle Ages: Realities and Representations. Essays in Honour of John France. Ashgate Publishing Ltd.

[3]: (Shaw 1976, 5) Stanford J Shaw. 1976. History of the Ottoman Empire and Modern Turkey: Volume 1, Empire of the Gazis: The Rise and Decline of the Ottoman Empire 1280-1808. Cambridge University Press.

[4]: (Bray 2015, xxi) Shawkat M Toorawa ed. 2015. Consorts of the Caliphs: Women and the Court of Baghdad. NYU Press.

General Variables

Identity and Location

1 Utm Zone

1 Original Name

1 Capital

1 Alternative Name

Temporal Bounds

1 Peak Years

1 Duration

Political and Cultural Relations

4 Suprapolity Relations

1 Supracultural Entity

1 Succeeding Entity

1 Scale of Supracultural Interaction

1 Relationship to preceding Entity

1 Polity Succession

1 Degree of Centralization

Language

1 Linguistic Family

1 Language

Religion

1 Religion Genus

1 Religion Family

1 Religion

1 Alternate Religion Genus

1 Alternate Religion Family

1 Alternate Religion

Social Complexity Variables

Social Scale

1 Population of the Largest Settlement

1 Polity Territory

1 Polity Population

Hierarchical Complexity

1 Settlement Hierarchy

1 Religious Level

1 Military Level

1 Administrative Level

Professions

1 Professional Soldier

1 Professional Priesthood

1 Professional Military Officer

Bureaucracy Characteristics

1 Specialized Government Building

1 Merit Promotion

1 Full Time Bureaucrat

1 Examination System

Law

1 Professional Lawyer

1 Judge

1 Formal Legal Code

1 Court

Specialized Buildings: polity owned

1 Market

1 Irrigation System

1 Food Storage Site

1 Drinking Water Supply System

Transport Infrastructure

1 Road

1 Port

1 Canal

1 Bridge

Special-purpose Sites

1 Mines or Quarry

Information / Writing System

1 Written Record

1 Script

1 Phonetic Alphabetic Writing

1 Nonwritten Record

1 Non Phonetic Writing

1 Mnemonic Device

Information / Kinds of Written Documents

1 Scientific Literature

1 Sacred Text

1 Religious Literature

1 Practical Literature

1 Philosophy

1 Lists Tables and Classification

1 History

1 Fiction

1 Calendar

Information / Money

1 Token

1 Precious Metal

1 Paper Currency

1 Indigenous Coin

1 Foreign Coin

1 Article

Information / Postal System

1 Postal Station

1 General Postal Service

1 Courier

Information / Measurement System

Warfare Variables (Military Technologies)

Fortifications

1 Wooden Palisade

1 Stone Walls Non Mortared

1 Stone Walls Mortared

1 Settlements in a Defensive Position

1 Modern Fortification

1 Moat

1 Fortified Camp

1 Earth Rampart

1 Ditch

1 Complex Fortification

Military use of Metals

1 Steel

1 Iron

1 Copper

1 Bronze

Projectiles

1 Tension Siege Engine

1 Sling Siege Engine

1 Sling

1 Self Bow

1 Javelin

1 Handheld Firearm

1 Gunpowder Siege Artillery

1 Crossbow

1 Composite Bow

1 Atlatl

Handheld weapons

1 War Club

1 Sword

1 Spear

1 Polearm

1 Dagger

1 Battle Axe

Animals used in warfare

1 Horse

1 Elephant

1 Donkey

1 Dog

1 Camel

Armor

1 Wood Bark Etc

1 Shield

1 Scaled Armor

1 Plate Armor

1 Limb Protection

1 Leather Cloth

1 Laminar Armor

1 Helmet

1 Chainmail

1 Breastplate

Naval technology

1 Specialized Military Vessel

1 Small Vessels Canoes Etc

1 Merchant Ships Pressed Into Service

Economy Variables (Luxury Goods) Coding in Progress.

Religion Variables Coding in Progress.

Crisis Consequence Cases

1 Crisis Consequence

Power Transitions

4 Power Transition

Instability Events

15 Instability Event

NGA Settlements:

Year Range	Abbasid Caliphate II (iq_abbasid_cal_2) was in:
(1191 CE 1207 CE)	Southern Mesopotamia / Susiana

Home NGA: Southern Mesopotamia

General Variables

Identity and Location Abbasid Caliphate II (iq_abbasid_cal_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Utm Zone	38 S	1191 CE 1258 CE
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Original Name	Abbasid Caliphate II	1191 CE 1258 CE
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Capital	Baghdad	1191 CE 1258 CE
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Alternative Name	Abbasid Caliphate	1191 CE 1258 CE
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Temporal Bounds Abbasid Caliphate II (iq_abbasid_cal_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More
Peak Years	1226 CE
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Duration	[1191 CE ➜ 1258 CE]
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Political and Cultural Relations Abbasid Caliphate II (iq_abbasid_cal_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Suprapolity Relations	eg_ayyubid_sultanate nominal allegiance to iq_abbasid_cal_2 Expert	1191 CE 1250 CE
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Suprapolity Relations	alliance with [---]	1191 CE 1258 CE
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Suprapolity Relations	in_delhi_sultanate nominal allegiance to iq_abbasid_cal_2	1206 CE 1526 CE
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Suprapolity Relations	tr_rum_sultanate nominal allegiance to iq_abbasid_cal_2	1077 CE 1307 CE
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Supracultural Entity	Perso-Islamic	1191 CE 1258 CE
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Succeeding Entity	Il-khanate	1191 CE 1258 CE
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Scale of Supracultural Interaction	3,500,000 km²	1191 CE 1258 CE
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Relationship to Preceding Entity	continuity	1191 CE 1258 CE
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Preceding Entity	continuity; Seljuk Empire [continuity] Update here
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Degree of Centralization	unitary state	1191 CE 1258 CE
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Language Abbasid Caliphate II (iq_abbasid_cal_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Linguistic Family	Afro-Asiatic	1191 CE 1258 CE
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Language	Arabic	1191 CE 1258 CE
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Religion Abbasid Caliphate II (iq_abbasid_cal_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Religion Genus	Islam	1191 CE 1258 CE
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Religion Family	Sunni	1191 CE 1258 CE
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Religion	Hanafi	1191 CE 1258 CE
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Alternate Religion Genus	Islam	1191 CE 1258 CE
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Alternate Religion Family	Shia	1191 CE 1258 CE
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Alternate Religion	Uncoded Undecided	1191 CE 1258 CE
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Social Complexity Variables

Social Scale Abbasid Caliphate II (iq_abbasid_cal_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Population of the Largest Settlement	1,000,000 people	1191 CE 1258 CE
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Polity Territory	750,000 km²	1200 CE
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Polity Population	3,900,000 people	1200 CE
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Hierarchical Complexity Abbasid Caliphate II (iq_abbasid_cal_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Settlement Hierarchy	[4 to 5]	1191 CE 1258 CE
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Religious Level	2	1191 CE 1258 CE
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Military Level	[5 to 6]	1191 CE 1258 CE
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Administrative Level	5	1191 CE 1258 CE
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Professions Abbasid Caliphate II (iq_abbasid_cal_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Professional Soldier	Present	1191 CE 1258 CE
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Professional Priesthood	Absent	1191 CE 1258 CE
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Professional Military Officer	Present	1191 CE 1258 CE
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Bureaucracy Characteristics Abbasid Caliphate II (iq_abbasid_cal_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Specialized Government Building	Present	1191 CE 1258 CE
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Merit Promotion	Unknown Suspected	1191 CE 1258 CE
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Full Time Bureaucrat	Unknown Suspected	1191 CE 1258 CE
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Examination System	Unknown Suspected	1191 CE 1258 CE
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Law Abbasid Caliphate II (iq_abbasid_cal_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Professional Lawyer	Present	1191 CE 1258 CE
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Judge	Present	1191 CE 1258 CE
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Formal Legal Code	Present	1191 CE 1258 CE
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Court	Present Inferred	1191 CE 1258 CE
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Specialized Buildings: polity owned Abbasid Caliphate II (iq_abbasid_cal_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Market	Unknown Suspected	1191 CE 1258 CE
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Irrigation System	Present Inferred	1191 CE 1258 CE
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Food Storage Site	Unknown Suspected	1191 CE 1258 CE
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Drinking Water Supply System	Uncoded Undecided	1191 CE 1258 CE
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Transport Infrastructure Abbasid Caliphate II (iq_abbasid_cal_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Road	Present	1191 CE 1258 CE
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Port	Present Inferred	1191 CE 1258 CE
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Canal	Present	1191 CE 1258 CE
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Bridge	Present Inferred	1191 CE 1258 CE
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Special-purpose Sites Abbasid Caliphate II (iq_abbasid_cal_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Mines or Quarry	Unknown Suspected	1191 CE 1258 CE
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Information / Writing System Abbasid Caliphate II (iq_abbasid_cal_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Written Record	Present	1191 CE 1258 CE
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Script	Present	1191 CE 1258 CE
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Phonetic Alphabetic Writing	Present	1191 CE 1258 CE
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Nonwritten Record	Present	1191 CE 1258 CE
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Non Phonetic Writing	Absent	1191 CE 1258 CE
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Mnemonic Device	Unknown Suspected	1191 CE 1258 CE
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Information / Kinds of Written Documents Abbasid Caliphate II (iq_abbasid_cal_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Scientific Literature	Present	1191 CE 1258 CE
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Sacred Text	Present	1191 CE 1258 CE
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Religious Literature	Present	1191 CE 1258 CE
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Practical Literature	Present	1191 CE 1258 CE
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Philosophy	Present	1191 CE 1258 CE
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Lists Tables and Classification	Present Inferred	1191 CE 1258 CE
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History	Present	1191 CE 1258 CE
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Fiction	Present	1191 CE 1258 CE
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Calendar	Present	1191 CE 1258 CE
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Information / Money Abbasid Caliphate II (iq_abbasid_cal_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Token	Unknown Suspected	1191 CE 1258 CE
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Precious Metal	Present	1191 CE 1258 CE
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Paper Currency	Absent	1191 CE 1258 CE
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Indigenous Coin	Present	1191 CE 1258 CE
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Foreign Coin	Unknown Suspected	1191 CE 1258 CE
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Article	Present	1191 CE 1258 CE
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Information / Postal System Abbasid Caliphate II (iq_abbasid_cal_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Postal Station	Unknown Suspected	1191 CE 1258 CE
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General Postal Service	Present	1191 CE 1258 CE
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Courier	Unknown Suspected	1191 CE 1258 CE
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Information / Measurement System Abbasid Caliphate II (iq_abbasid_cal_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More

Warfare Variables (Military Technologies)

Fortifications Abbasid Caliphate II (iq_abbasid_cal_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Wooden Palisade	Present	1191 CE 1258 CE
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Stone Walls Non Mortared	Absent	1191 CE 1258 CE
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Stone Walls Mortared	Present	1191 CE 1258 CE
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Settlements in a Defensive Position	Unknown Suspected	1191 CE 1258 CE
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Modern Fortification	Absent	1191 CE 1258 CE
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Moat	Present	1191 CE 1258 CE
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Fortified Camp	Unknown Suspected	1191 CE 1258 CE
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Earth Rampart	Present	1191 CE 1258 CE
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Ditch	Present	1191 CE 1258 CE
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Complex Fortification	Unknown Suspected	1191 CE 1258 CE
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Military use of Metals Abbasid Caliphate II (iq_abbasid_cal_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Steel	Present	1191 CE 1258 CE
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Iron	Present	1191 CE 1258 CE
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Copper	Absent	1191 CE 1258 CE
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Bronze	Absent	1191 CE 1258 CE
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Projectiles Abbasid Caliphate II (iq_abbasid_cal_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Tension Siege Engine	Present Inferred	1191 CE 1258 CE
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Sling Siege Engine	Present	1191 CE 1258 CE
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Sling	Unknown	1191 CE 1258 CE
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Self Bow	Absent Inferred	1191 CE 1258 CE
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Javelin	Present Inferred	1191 CE 1258 CE
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Handheld Firearm	Absent	1191 CE 1258 CE
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Gunpowder Siege Artillery	Absent	1191 CE 1258 CE
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Crossbow	Present Inferred	1191 CE 1258 CE
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Composite Bow	Present	1191 CE 1258 CE
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Atlatl	Absent	1191 CE 1258 CE
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Handheld weapons Abbasid Caliphate II (iq_abbasid_cal_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
War Club	Present	1191 CE 1258 CE
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Sword	Present	1191 CE 1258 CE
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Spear	Unknown	1191 CE 1258 CE
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Polearm	Present Inferred	1191 CE 1258 CE
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Dagger	Present	1191 CE 1258 CE
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Battle Axe	Present	1191 CE 1258 CE
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Animals used in warfare Abbasid Caliphate II (iq_abbasid_cal_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Horse	Present	1191 CE 1258 CE
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Elephant	Absent Inferred	1191 CE 1258 CE
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Donkey	Unknown Suspected	1191 CE 1258 CE
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Dog	Absent	1191 CE 1258 CE
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Camel	Present Inferred	1191 CE 1258 CE
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Armor Abbasid Caliphate II (iq_abbasid_cal_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Wood Bark Etc	Present	1191 CE 1258 CE
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Shield	Present	1191 CE 1258 CE
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Scaled Armor	Present	1191 CE 1258 CE
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Plate Armor	Absent Inferred	1191 CE 1258 CE
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Limb Protection	Present	1191 CE 1258 CE
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Leather Cloth	Present	1191 CE 1258 CE
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Laminar Armor	Present	1191 CE 1258 CE
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Helmet	Present	1191 CE 1258 CE
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Chainmail	Present	1191 CE 1258 CE
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Breastplate	Present Inferred	1191 CE 1258 CE
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Naval technology Abbasid Caliphate II (iq_abbasid_cal_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Specialized Military Vessel	Present Inferred	1191 CE 1258 CE
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Small Vessels Canoes Etc	Unknown Suspected	1191 CE 1258 CE
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Merchant Ships Pressed Into Service	Unknown Suspected	1191 CE 1258 CE
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Economy Variables (Luxury Goods)

Religion Variables

Moralizing Supernatural Punishment and Reward Abbasid Caliphate II (iq_abbasid_cal_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Moralizing Enforcement is Broad	Present	1191 CE 1258 CE
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Moralizing Supernatural Concern is Primary	Present	1191 CE 1258 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement is Agentic	Present	1191 CE 1258 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement in This Life	Present	1191 CE 1258 CE
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Moralizing Supernatural Punishment And Reward	Present	1191 CE 1258 CE
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Moralizing Religion Adopted by Commoners	Present	1191 CE 1258 CE
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Moralizing Religion Adopted by Commoners	Present	1191 CE 1258 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement is Targeted	Present	1191 CE 1258 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement in Afterlife	Present	1191 CE 1258 CE
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Moralizing Religion Adopted by Elites	Present	1191 CE 1258 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement of Rulers	Present	1191 CE 1258 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement is Certain	Present	1191 CE 1258 CE
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Human Sacrifice Abbasid Caliphate II (iq_abbasid_cal_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More