Home Region: Central Europe (Europe)

East Francia

842 CE 919 CE

D G SC R

OTHER de_east_francia

Preceding Entity:

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Succeeding Entity: Add one more here.

919 CE 1125 CE Holy Roman Empire - Ottonian-Salian Dynasty (de_empire_1) [continuity]

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General Description

The Treaty of Verdun in 843, which divided the Carolingian Empire among Charlemagne’s grandsons, marked the beginning of East Francia as a distinct entity, comprising the lands that are now Germany, along with parts of Austria and Italy.^[1]
Louis the German, one of Charlemagne’s grandsons, became the first ruler of East Francia. His reign was characterized by efforts to consolidate his rule and manage the diverse and often fractious duchies within his kingdom. The Carolingian legacy of centralized rule faced challenges in East Francia due to the strong local powers of the dukes and the ongoing threat of external invasions, particularly from the Vikings and Slavic tribes.^[2]
The Carolingian influence in East Francia was evident in its administrative and cultural institutions, which were inherited from the unified Carolingian Empire. The use of the Carolingian minuscule in writing, the promotion of Christian monasticism, and the Carolingian Renaissance’s intellectual and artistic endeavors continued to shape East Francian society.^[1] However, the Carolingian grip on East Francia began to weaken towards the end of the 9th century, as internal divisions, succession disputes, and external pressures strained the kingdom’s unity and governance. The death of Louis the Child in 911, the last Carolingian ruler of East Francia, marked the end of Carolingian rule in the region and led to the election of Conrad I of the Franconian dynasty as king, signaling a shift in the political landscape.^[1]

[1]: Carlrichard Brühl et al., Die Geburt zweier Völker: Deutsche und Franzosen (9. - 11. Jahrhundert) (Köln Weimar Wien: Böhlau, 2001). Zotero link: JNUIX7CZ

[2]: Biographie, “Ludwig - Deutsche Biographie.” Zotero link: HHAVIEKX

General Variables

Identity and Location

1 Utm Zone

1 Original Name

1 Capital

2 Alternative Name

Temporal Bounds

1 Peak Years

1 Duration

Political and Cultural Relations

1 Suprapolity Relations

1 Supracultural Entity

1 Succeeding Entity

1 Polity Succession

2 Degree of Centralization

Language

1 Linguistic Family

1 Language

Religion

1 Religion Genus

1 Religion Family

Social Complexity Variables

Social Scale

1 Population of the Largest Settlement

1 Polity Territory

1 Polity Population

1 Largest Communication Distance

Hierarchical Complexity

1 Settlement Hierarchy

1 Religious Level

1 Military Level

1 Administrative Level

Professions

1 Professional Soldier

1 Professional Priesthood

1 Professional Military Officer

1 Source Of Support

Bureaucracy Characteristics

1 Specialized Government Building

1 Merit Promotion

1 Full Time Bureaucrat

1 Examination System

Law

1 Professional Lawyer

1 Judge

1 Formal Legal Code

1 Court

Specialized Buildings: polity owned

1 Market

1 Irrigation System

1 Food Storage Site

1 Drinking Water Supply System

1 Communal Building

1 Utilitarian Public Building

1 Symbolic Building

1 Knowledge Or Information Building

1 Entertainment Building

Transport Infrastructure

1 Road

1 Canal

1 Bridge

Special-purpose Sites

1 Mines or Quarry

1 Trading Emporia

1 Ceremonial Site

1 Burial Site

Information / Writing System

1 Written Record

1 Script

1 Phonetic Alphabetic Writing

1 Nonwritten Record

1 Non Phonetic Writing

1 Mnemonic Device

Information / Kinds of Written Documents

1 Scientific Literature

1 Sacred Text

1 Religious Literature

1 Practical Literature

1 Philosophy

1 Lists Tables and Classification

1 History

1 Calendar

Information / Money

1 Token

1 Precious Metal

1 Paper Currency

1 Indigenous Coin

1 Article

1 Store Of Wealth

Information / Postal System

1 Postal Station

1 General Postal Service

1 Courier

1 Fastest Individual Communication

Information / Measurement System

1 Weight Measurement System

Warfare Variables (Military Technologies)

Fortifications

Military use of Metals

Projectiles

Handheld weapons

Animals used in warfare

Armor

Naval technology

Economy Variables (Luxury Goods) Coding in Progress.

Religion Variables Coding in Progress.

Crisis Consequence Cases Coding in Progress.

Power Transitions

6 Power Transition

Instability Events

12 Instability Event

General Variables

Identity and Location East Francia (de_east_francia)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Utm Zone	32 U	842 CE 919 CE
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Original Name	East Francia	842 CE 919 CE
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Capital	None	842 CE 919 CE
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Alternative Name	Francia orientalis	842 CE 919 CE
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Alternative Name	Ostfrankenreich	842 CE 919 CE
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Temporal Bounds East Francia (de_east_francia)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More
Peak Years	[887 CE ➜ 899 CE]
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Duration	[842 CE ➜ 919 CE]
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Political and Cultural Relations East Francia (de_east_francia)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Suprapolity Relations	de_east_francia nominal allegiance to fr_carolingian_emp_2	842 CE 919 CE
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Supracultural Entity	Latin Christendom	842 CE 919 CE
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Succeeding Entity	Holy Roman Empire - Ottonian-Salian Dynasty	842 CE 919 CE
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Succeeding Entity 919 CE 1125 CE	Holy Roman Empire - Ottonian-Salian Dynasty (de_empire_1) [continuity]
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Degree of Centralization	loose	842 CE 880 CE
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Degree of Centralization	confederated state	880 CE 911 CE
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Language East Francia (de_east_francia)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Linguistic Family	Indo-European	842 CE 919 CE
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Language	German	842 CE 919 CE
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Religion East Francia (de_east_francia)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Religion Genus	Christianity	842 CE 919 CE
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Religion Family	Catholicism	842 CE 919 CE
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Social Complexity Variables

Social Scale East Francia (de_east_francia)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Population of the Largest Settlement	[23,000 to 40,000] people	842 CE 919 CE
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Polity Territory	[450,000 to 500,000] km²	842 CE 919 CE
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Polity Population	[3,800,000 to 4,000,000] people	842 CE 919 CE
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Largest Communication Distance	[800 to 850]	842 CE 919 CE
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Hierarchical Complexity East Francia (de_east_francia)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Settlement Hierarchy	6	842 CE 919 CE
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Religious Level	5	842 CE 919 CE
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Military Level	5	842 CE 919 CE
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Administrative Level	5	842 CE 919 CE
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Professions East Francia (de_east_francia)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Professional Soldier	Absent	842 CE 919 CE
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Professional Priesthood	Present	842 CE 919 CE
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Professional Military Officer	Absent	842 CE 919 CE
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Source Of Support	land	842 CE 919 CE
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Bureaucracy Characteristics East Francia (de_east_francia)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Specialized Government Building	Absent	842 CE 919 CE
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Merit Promotion	Absent	842 CE 919 CE
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Full Time Bureaucrat	Absent	842 CE 919 CE
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Examination System	Absent	842 CE 919 CE
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Law East Francia (de_east_francia)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Professional Lawyer	Absent	842 CE 919 CE
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Judge	Absent	842 CE 919 CE
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Formal Legal Code	Present	842 CE 919 CE
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Court	Absent	842 CE 919 CE
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Specialized Buildings: polity owned East Francia (de_east_francia)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Market	Present	842 CE 919 CE
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Irrigation System	Present Suspected	842 CE 919 CE
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Food Storage Site	Present	842 CE 919 CE
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Drinking Water Supply System	Present	842 CE 919 CE
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Communal Building	Present	842 CE 919 CE
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Utilitarian Public Building	Present	842 CE 919 CE
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Symbolic Building	Present	842 CE 919 CE
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Knowledge Or Information Building	Present	842 CE 919 CE
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Entertainment Building	Absent	842 CE 919 CE
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Transport Infrastructure East Francia (de_east_francia)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Road	Present Suspected	842 CE 919 CE
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Canal	Present Inferred	842 CE 919 CE
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Bridge	Present	842 CE 919 CE
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Special-purpose Sites East Francia (de_east_francia)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Mines or Quarry	Present	842 CE 919 CE
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Trading Emporia	Present	842 CE 919 CE
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Ceremonial Site	Present	842 CE 919 CE
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Burial Site	Present	842 CE 919 CE
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Information / Writing System East Francia (de_east_francia)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Written Record	Present	842 CE 919 CE
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Script	Present	842 CE 919 CE
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Phonetic Alphabetic Writing	Present	842 CE 919 CE
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Nonwritten Record	Present	842 CE 919 CE
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Non Phonetic Writing	Absent	842 CE 919 CE
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Mnemonic Device	Present	842 CE 919 CE
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Information / Kinds of Written Documents East Francia (de_east_francia)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Scientific Literature	Present	842 CE 919 CE
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Sacred Text	Present	842 CE 919 CE
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Religious Literature	Present	842 CE 919 CE
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Practical Literature	Present	842 CE 919 CE
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Philosophy	Present	842 CE 919 CE
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Lists Tables and Classification	Present	842 CE 919 CE
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History	Present	842 CE 919 CE
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Calendar	Present	842 CE 919 CE
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Information / Money East Francia (de_east_francia)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Token	Absent	842 CE 919 CE
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Precious Metal	Present	842 CE 919 CE
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Paper Currency	Absent	842 CE 919 CE
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Indigenous Coin	Present	842 CE 919 CE
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Article	Present	842 CE 919 CE
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Store Of Wealth	Present	842 CE 919 CE
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Information / Postal System East Francia (de_east_francia)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Postal Station	Absent	842 CE 919 CE
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General Postal Service	Absent	842 CE 919 CE
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Courier	Present	842 CE 919 CE
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Fastest Individual Communication	[8 to 10]	842 CE 919 CE
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Information / Measurement System East Francia (de_east_francia)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Weight Measurement System	Present	842 CE 919 CE
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Warfare Variables (Military Technologies)

Fortifications East Francia (de_east_francia)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More

Military use of Metals East Francia (de_east_francia)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More

Projectiles East Francia (de_east_francia)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More

Handheld weapons East Francia (de_east_francia)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More

Animals used in warfare East Francia (de_east_francia)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More

Armor East Francia (de_east_francia)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More

Naval technology East Francia (de_east_francia)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More

Economy Variables (Luxury Goods)

Religion Variables

Moralizing Supernatural Punishment and Reward East Francia (de_east_francia)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Moralizing Enforcement is Broad	Present	842 CE 919 CE
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Moralizing Supernatural Concern is Primary	Present	842 CE 919 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement is Agentic	Present	842 CE 919 CE
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Moralizing Supernatural Punishment And Reward	Present	842 CE 919 CE
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Moralizing Religion Adopted by Commoners	Present	842 CE 919 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement is Targeted	Present	842 CE 919 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement in Afterlife	Present	842 CE 919 CE
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Moralizing Religion Adopted by Elites	Present	842 CE 919 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement of Rulers	Present	842 CE 919 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement of Rulers	Present	842 CE 919 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement is Certain	Present	842 CE 919 CE
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Human Sacrifice East Francia (de_east_francia)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More