Home Region: Pontic-Caspian (Central and Northern Eurasia)

Golden Horde

1240 CE 1440 CE

D G SC CC

EQ 2020 ru_golden_horde

Preceding Entity: Add one more here.

1206 CE 1270 CE Mongol Empire (mn_mongol_emp) [secession]

Succeeding Entity:

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General Description

The Golden Horde – or Ulug Ulus (‘Great State’) – was originally a northwest sector of the Mongol Empire, which became one of four independent khanates after the fragmentation of the empire in 1259, led by the son of Ghengis Khan, Jochi.
Our Golden Horde polity begins in 1240 when Khan Batu, the grandson of Ghengis Khan, sacked and burned the city of Kiev, conquering and subjugating the region of the Russian steppe and its principalities.
The merging of the nomadic, shamanist, mongol-turkic Gold Horde, with the devoutly Christian and settled people of the Russian steppes, brought about many changes for both sides.
From the fourteenth century the Horde officially converted to Islam under the rule of Öz Beg (Uzbek) Khan
At its greatest extent, around 1330, the Golden Horde territory ran from the Carpathian Mountains to the steppes of Siberia, while the south bordered the Black Sea, the Caucasus Mountains and the Iranian territory of the Il-Khans.
^[1] ^[2]

[1]: “Golden Horde”. https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/VXQGWC6R

[2]: Atwood 2004: vii. https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/SJXN6MZD.

General Variables

Identity and Location

1 Utm Zone

1 Original Name

2 Capital

3 Alternative Name

Temporal Bounds

1 Peak Years

1 Duration

Political and Cultural Relations

2 Suprapolity Relations

1 Polity Succession

Language

Religion

2 Religious Tradition

Social Complexity Variables

Social Scale

1 Population of the Largest Settlement

1 Polity Territory

1 Polity Population

1 Largest Communication Distance

Hierarchical Complexity

1 Settlement Hierarchy

1 Religious Level

1 Military Level

1 Administrative Level

Professions

1 Professional Soldier

1 Professional Priesthood

1 Professional Military Officer

1 Source Of Support

Bureaucracy Characteristics

1 Specialized Government Building

1 Merit Promotion

1 Full Time Bureaucrat

1 Examination System

Law

1 Professional Lawyer

1 Judge

1 Formal Legal Code

1 Court

Specialized Buildings: polity owned

1 Market

1 Irrigation System

1 Food Storage Site

1 Drinking Water Supply System

1 Communal Building

1 Utilitarian Public Building

1 Symbolic Building

1 Knowledge Or Information Building

1 Entertainment Building

1 Special Purpose House

Transport Infrastructure

1 Road

1 Port

1 Canal

1 Bridge

Special-purpose Sites

1 Mines or Quarry

1 Trading Emporia

1 Special Purpose Site

1 Enclosure

1 Ceremonial Site

1 Burial Site

Information / Writing System

1 Written Record

1 Script

1 Phonetic Alphabetic Writing

1 Nonwritten Record

1 Non Phonetic Writing

Information / Kinds of Written Documents

1 Scientific Literature

1 Sacred Text

1 Religious Literature

1 Practical Literature

1 Philosophy

1 Lists Tables and Classification

1 History

1 Fiction

1 Calendar

Information / Money

1 Token

1 Precious Metal

1 Paper Currency

1 Indigenous Coin

1 Foreign Coin

1 Article

1 Store Of Wealth

1 Debt And Credit Structure

Information / Postal System

1 Postal Station

1 General Postal Service

1 Courier

1 Fastest Individual Communication

Information / Measurement System

1 Weight Measurement System

1 Volume Measurement System

1 Time Measurement System

1 Length Measurement System

1 Geometrical Measurement System

1 Area Measurement System

Warfare Variables (Military Technologies)

Fortifications

Military use of Metals

Projectiles

Handheld weapons

Animals used in warfare

Armor

Naval technology

Economy Variables (Luxury Goods) Coding in Progress.

Religion Variables Coding in Progress.

Crisis Consequence Cases

1 Crisis Consequence

Power Transitions

31 Power Transition

Instability Events

28 Instability Event

General Variables

Identity and Location Golden Horde (ru_golden_horde)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Utm Zone	39 N	1240 CE 1440 CE
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Original Name	Golden Horde	1240 CE 1440 CE
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Capital	Sarai Batu (also Sarai or Saray or Old Sarai)	1240 CE 1440 CE
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Capital	Sarai Berke (also New Sarai or New Saray)	1240 CE 1440 CE
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Alternative Name	Ulug Ulus	1240 CE 1440 CE
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Alternative Name	Kipchap Khanate	1240 CE 1440 CE
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Alternative Name	Ulus of Jochi	1240 CE 1440 CE
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Temporal Bounds Golden Horde (ru_golden_horde)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More
Peak Years	[1312 CE ➜ 1341 CE]
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Duration	[1240 CE ➜ 1440 CE]
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Political and Cultural Relations Golden Horde (ru_golden_horde)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Suprapolity Relations	ru_golden_horde alliance with uz_timurid_emp	1370 CE 1395 CE
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Suprapolity Relations	ru_golden_horde nominal allegiance to cn_yuan_dyn	1240 CE 1440 CE
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Preceding Entity 1206 CE 1270 CE	Mongol Empire (mn_mongol_emp) [secession]
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Language Golden Horde (ru_golden_horde)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More

Religion Golden Horde (ru_golden_horde)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Religious Tradition	Shamanism	1240 CE 1440 CE
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Religious Tradition	Islam	1240 CE 1440 CE
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Social Complexity Variables

Social Scale Golden Horde (ru_golden_horde)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Population of the Largest Settlement	75,000 people	1240 CE 1440 CE
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Polity Territory	6,000,000 km²	1310 CE
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Polity Population	[400,000 to 600,000] people	1240 CE 1440 CE
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Largest Communication Distance	300	1240 CE 1440 CE
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Hierarchical Complexity Golden Horde (ru_golden_horde)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Settlement Hierarchy	6	1240 CE 1440 CE
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Religious Level	1	1240 CE 1440 CE
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Military Level	6	1240 CE 1440 CE
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Administrative Level	[4 to 5]	1240 CE 1440 CE
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Professions Golden Horde (ru_golden_horde)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Professional Soldier	Unknown Suspected	1240 CE 1440 CE
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Professional Priesthood	Absent	1240 CE 1440 CE
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Professional Military Officer	Unknown Suspected	1240 CE 1440 CE
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Source Of Support	unknown Suspected	1240 CE 1440 CE
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Bureaucracy Characteristics Golden Horde (ru_golden_horde)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Specialized Government Building	Present	1240 CE 1440 CE
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Merit Promotion	Unknown Suspected	1240 CE 1440 CE
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Full Time Bureaucrat	Present	1240 CE 1440 CE
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Examination System	Present Inferred	1240 CE 1440 CE
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Law Golden Horde (ru_golden_horde)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Professional Lawyer	Present	1240 CE 1440 CE
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Judge	Present	1240 CE 1440 CE
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Formal Legal Code	Present	1240 CE 1440 CE
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Court	Present	1240 CE 1440 CE
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Specialized Buildings: polity owned Golden Horde (ru_golden_horde)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Market	Present	1240 CE 1440 CE
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Irrigation System	Present	1240 CE 1440 CE
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Food Storage Site	Present Inferred	1240 CE 1440 CE
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Drinking Water Supply System	Present	1240 CE 1440 CE
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Communal Building	Present	1240 CE 1440 CE
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Utilitarian Public Building	Present	1240 CE 1440 CE
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Symbolic Building	Present	1240 CE 1440 CE
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Knowledge Or Information Building	Present	1240 CE 1440 CE
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Entertainment Building	Present	1240 CE 1440 CE
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Special Purpose House	Unknown Suspected	1240 CE 1440 CE
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Transport Infrastructure Golden Horde (ru_golden_horde)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Road	Present	1240 CE 1440 CE
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Port	Present	1240 CE 1440 CE
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Canal	Present	1240 CE 1440 CE
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Bridge	Present	1240 CE 1440 CE
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Special-purpose Sites Golden Horde (ru_golden_horde)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Mines or Quarry	Present	1240 CE 1440 CE
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Trading Emporia	Present	1240 CE 1440 CE
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Special Purpose Site	Present	1240 CE 1440 CE
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Enclosure	Present	1240 CE 1440 CE
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Ceremonial Site	Present	1240 CE 1440 CE
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Burial Site	Present	1240 CE 1440 CE
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Information / Writing System Golden Horde (ru_golden_horde)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Written Record	Present	1240 CE 1440 CE
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Script	Present	1240 CE 1440 CE
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Phonetic Alphabetic Writing	Absent	1240 CE 1440 CE
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Nonwritten Record	Present	1240 CE 1440 CE
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Non Phonetic Writing	Present	1240 CE 1440 CE
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Information / Kinds of Written Documents Golden Horde (ru_golden_horde)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Scientific Literature	Transitional (Present -> Absent) Inferred	1240 CE 1440 CE
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Sacred Text	Transitional (Absent -> Present)	1240 CE 1440 CE
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Religious Literature	Transitional (Present -> Absent) Inferred	1240 CE 1440 CE
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Practical Literature	Present	1240 CE 1440 CE
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Philosophy	Transitional (Present -> Absent) Inferred	1240 CE 1440 CE
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Lists Tables and Classification	Present	1240 CE 1440 CE
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History	Transitional (Present -> Absent) Inferred	1240 CE 1440 CE
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Fiction	Present	1240 CE 1440 CE
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Calendar	Present	1240 CE 1440 CE
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Information / Money Golden Horde (ru_golden_horde)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Token	Unknown Suspected	1240 CE 1440 CE
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Precious Metal	Present	1240 CE 1440 CE
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Paper Currency	Transitional (Absent -> Present)	1240 CE 1440 CE
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Indigenous Coin	Present	1240 CE 1440 CE
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Foreign Coin	Transitional (Present -> Absent)	1240 CE 1440 CE
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Article	Present	1240 CE 1440 CE
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Store Of Wealth	Present	1240 CE 1440 CE
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Debt And Credit Structure	Unknown Suspected	1240 CE 1440 CE
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Information / Postal System Golden Horde (ru_golden_horde)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Postal Station	Present	1240 CE 1440 CE
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General Postal Service	Present	1240 CE 1440 CE
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Courier	Present	1240 CE 1440 CE
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Fastest Individual Communication	- Undecided	1240 CE 1440 CE
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Information / Measurement System Golden Horde (ru_golden_horde)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Weight Measurement System	Present	1240 CE 1440 CE
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Volume Measurement System	Unknown Suspected	1240 CE 1440 CE
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Time Measurement System	Present Inferred	1240 CE 1440 CE
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Length Measurement System	Present	1240 CE 1440 CE
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Geometrical Measurement System	Transitional (Absent -> Present)	1240 CE 1440 CE
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Area Measurement System	Present	1240 CE 1440 CE
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Warfare Variables (Military Technologies)

Fortifications Golden Horde (ru_golden_horde)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More

Military use of Metals Golden Horde (ru_golden_horde)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More

Projectiles Golden Horde (ru_golden_horde)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More

Handheld weapons Golden Horde (ru_golden_horde)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More

Animals used in warfare Golden Horde (ru_golden_horde)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More

Armor Golden Horde (ru_golden_horde)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More

Naval technology Golden Horde (ru_golden_horde)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More

Economy Variables (Luxury Goods)

Religion Variables

Moralizing Supernatural Punishment and Reward Golden Horde (ru_golden_horde)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More

Human Sacrifice Golden Horde (ru_golden_horde)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More