Home Region: Turkestan (Central and Northern Eurasia)

Andronovo

1800 BCE 1200 BCE

D G SC WF R

EQ 2020 kz_andronovo / KzAndro

Preceding Entity: Add one more here.

3500 BCE 2000 BCE Sarazm (tj_sarasm) [None]

Succeeding Entity: Add one more here.

1400 BCE 1000 BCE Koktepe I (uz_koktepe_1) [None]

General Description

The Andronovo culture, named for the village where the first archaeological remains identified as belonging to the culture were discovered, is a blanket term for the groups of people who inhabited the Kazakh steppe between 1800 and 1200 BCE. ^[1] Although these people were dispersed throughout the steppe, there is evidence that communities were in communication with each other. Similar subsistence strategies - sheep and cattle herding combined with small-scale arable farming - were employed and evidence of a shared pottery style has been found. There was also a tradition of metallurgy that included the mining and use of copper, tin and gold and the manufacture of bronze, which was exchanged within interregional trade networks. ^[2] ^[1]
Population and political organization
Little is known about the social or political organization of Andronovo communities. Settlements were small in scale, comprising around 10 to 40 houses with between 50 and 250 inhabitants per settlement. ^[1]

[1]: (Cunliffe 2015, 142) Cunliffe, Barry. 2015. By Steppe, Desert, and Ocean: The Birth of Eurasia. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Seshat URL: https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/itemKey/AF5PABXA.

[2]: (Masson 1992, 349-350) Masson, V. M. 1992. “The Decline of the Bronze Age Civilization and Movements of the Tribes.” In History of Civilizations of Central Asia, Vol I: The Dawn of Civilization: Earliest Times to 700 B.C., edited by A. H. Dani and V. M. Masson, 337-56. Paris: UNESCO. Seshat URL: https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/itemKey/IKGC9NGJ.

General Variables

Identity and Location

1 Utm Zone

1 Original Name

Temporal Bounds

1 Duration

Political and Cultural Relations

1 Suprapolity Relations

1 Supracultural Entity

1 Succeeding Entity

1 Scale of Supracultural Interaction

2 Polity Succession

1 Degree of Centralization

Language

1 Linguistic Family

Religion

Social Complexity Variables

Social Scale

1 Population of the Largest Settlement

1 Polity Territory

Hierarchical Complexity

1 Settlement Hierarchy

Professions

Bureaucracy Characteristics

1 Specialized Government Building

1 Merit Promotion

1 Examination System

Law

1 Formal Legal Code

1 Court

Specialized Buildings: polity owned

1 Irrigation System

Transport Infrastructure

1 Road

1 Port

1 Canal

1 Bridge

Special-purpose Sites

1 Mines or Quarry

Information / Writing System

1 Written Record

1 Script

1 Phonetic Alphabetic Writing

Information / Kinds of Written Documents

1 Scientific Literature

1 Sacred Text

1 Religious Literature

1 Practical Literature

1 Philosophy

1 Lists Tables and Classification

1 History

1 Fiction

1 Calendar

Information / Money

1 Paper Currency

1 Indigenous Coin

1 Foreign Coin

1 Article

Information / Postal System

1 Postal Station

1 General Postal Service

1 Courier

Information / Measurement System

Warfare Variables (Military Technologies)

Fortifications

1 Wooden Palisade

1 Stone Walls Non Mortared

1 Stone Walls Mortared

1 Settlements in a Defensive Position

1 Modern Fortification

1 Moat

1 Fortified Camp

1 Earth Rampart

1 Ditch

1 Complex Fortification

1 Long Wall

Military use of Metals

1 Steel

1 Iron

1 Copper

1 Bronze

Projectiles

1 Tension Siege Engine

1 Sling Siege Engine

1 Sling

1 Self Bow

1 Javelin

1 Handheld Firearm

1 Gunpowder Siege Artillery

1 Crossbow

1 Composite Bow

1 Atlatl

Handheld weapons

1 War Club

1 Sword

1 Spear

1 Polearm

1 Dagger

1 Battle Axe

Animals used in warfare

1 Horse

1 Elephant

1 Donkey

1 Dog

1 Camel

Armor

1 Wood Bark Etc

1 Shield

1 Scaled Armor

1 Plate Armor

1 Limb Protection

1 Leather Cloth

1 Laminar Armor

1 Helmet

1 Chainmail

1 Breastplate

Naval technology

1 Specialized Military Vessel

1 Small Vessels Canoes Etc

1 Merchant Ships Pressed Into Service

Economy Variables (Luxury Goods) Coding in Progress.

Religion Variables Coding in Progress.

Crisis Consequence Cases Coding in Progress.

Power Transitions Coding in Progress.

Instability Events Coding in Progress.

NGA Settlements:

Year Range	Andronovo (kz_andronovo) was in:
(2000 BCE 1401 BCE)	Sogdiana

Home NGA: Sogdiana

General Variables

Identity and Location Andronovo (kz_andronovo)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Utm Zone	42 S	1800 BCE 1200 BCE
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Original Name	Andronovo	1800 BCE 1200 BCE
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Temporal Bounds Andronovo (kz_andronovo)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More
Duration	[1800 BCE ➜ 1200 BCE]
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Political and Cultural Relations Andronovo (kz_andronovo)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Suprapolity Relations	none	1800 BCE 1200 BCE
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Supracultural Entity	Andronovan	1800 BCE 1200 BCE
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Succeeding Entity	Yaz I	1800 BCE 1200 BCE
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Scale of Supracultural Interaction	[2,200,000 to 2,300,000] km²	1800 BCE 1200 BCE
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Succeeding Entity 1400 BCE 1000 BCE	Koktepe I (uz_koktepe_1) [None]
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Preceding Entity 3500 BCE 2000 BCE	Sarazm (tj_sarasm) [None]
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Degree of Centralization	quasi-polity	1800 BCE 1200 BCE
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Language Andronovo (kz_andronovo)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Linguistic Family	NO_VALUE_ON_WIKI	1800 BCE 1200 BCE
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Religion Andronovo (kz_andronovo)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More

Social Complexity Variables

Social Scale Andronovo (kz_andronovo)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Population of the Largest Settlement	[50 to 250] people	1800 BCE 1200 BCE
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Polity Territory	[1,500 to 20,000] km²	1800 BCE 1200 BCE
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Hierarchical Complexity Andronovo (kz_andronovo)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Settlement Hierarchy	[1 to 2]	1800 BCE 1200 BCE
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Professions Andronovo (kz_andronovo)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More

Bureaucracy Characteristics Andronovo (kz_andronovo)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Specialized Government Building	Unknown Suspected	1800 BCE 1200 BCE
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Merit Promotion	Unknown Suspected	1800 BCE 1200 BCE
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Examination System	Unknown Suspected	1800 BCE 1200 BCE
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Law Andronovo (kz_andronovo)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Formal Legal Code	Absent Inferred	1800 BCE 1200 BCE
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Court	Absent Inferred	1800 BCE 1200 BCE
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Specialized Buildings: polity owned Andronovo (kz_andronovo)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Irrigation System	Present	1800 BCE 1200 BCE
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Transport Infrastructure Andronovo (kz_andronovo)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Road	Unknown Suspected	1800 BCE 1200 BCE
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Port	Unknown Suspected	1800 BCE 1200 BCE
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Canal	Unknown Suspected	1800 BCE 1200 BCE
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Bridge	Unknown Suspected	1800 BCE 1200 BCE
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Special-purpose Sites Andronovo (kz_andronovo)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Mines or Quarry	Present	1800 BCE 1200 BCE
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Information / Writing System Andronovo (kz_andronovo)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Written Record	Absent	1800 BCE 1200 BCE
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Script	Absent	1800 BCE 1200 BCE
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Phonetic Alphabetic Writing	Absent	1800 BCE 1200 BCE
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Information / Kinds of Written Documents Andronovo (kz_andronovo)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Scientific Literature	Absent	1800 BCE 1200 BCE
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Sacred Text	Absent	1800 BCE 1200 BCE
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Religious Literature	Absent	1800 BCE 1200 BCE
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Practical Literature	Absent	1800 BCE 1200 BCE
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Philosophy	Absent	1800 BCE 1200 BCE
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Lists Tables and Classification	Absent	1800 BCE 1200 BCE
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History	Absent	1800 BCE 1200 BCE
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Fiction	Absent	1800 BCE 1200 BCE
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Calendar	Absent	1800 BCE 1200 BCE
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Information / Money Andronovo (kz_andronovo)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Paper Currency	Absent	1800 BCE 1200 BCE
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Indigenous Coin	Absent	1800 BCE 1200 BCE
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Foreign Coin	Absent	1800 BCE 1200 BCE
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Article	Present Inferred	1800 BCE 1200 BCE
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Information / Postal System Andronovo (kz_andronovo)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Postal Station	Unknown Suspected	1800 BCE 1200 BCE
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General Postal Service	Unknown Suspected	1800 BCE 1200 BCE
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Courier	Unknown Suspected	1800 BCE 1200 BCE
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Information / Measurement System Andronovo (kz_andronovo)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More

Warfare Variables (Military Technologies)

Fortifications Andronovo (kz_andronovo)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Wooden Palisade	Present	1800 BCE 1200 BCE
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Stone Walls Non Mortared	Unknown Suspected	1800 BCE 1200 BCE
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Stone Walls Mortared	Unknown Suspected	1800 BCE 1200 BCE
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Settlements in a Defensive Position	Unknown Suspected	1800 BCE 1200 BCE
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Modern Fortification	Absent	1800 BCE 1200 BCE
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Moat	Unknown Suspected	1800 BCE 1200 BCE
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Fortified Camp	Unknown Suspected	1800 BCE 1200 BCE
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Earth Rampart	Present	1800 BCE 1200 BCE
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Ditch	Present	1800 BCE 1200 BCE
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Complex Fortification	Present Inferred	1800 BCE 1200 BCE
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Long Wall	absent	1800 BCE 1200 BCE
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Military use of Metals Andronovo (kz_andronovo)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Steel	Unknown Suspected	1800 BCE 1200 BCE
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Iron	Unknown Suspected	1800 BCE 1200 BCE
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Copper	Present Inferred	1800 BCE 1200 BCE
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Bronze	Present	1800 BCE 1200 BCE
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Projectiles Andronovo (kz_andronovo)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Tension Siege Engine	Unknown Suspected	1800 BCE 1200 BCE
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Sling Siege Engine	Absent	1800 BCE 1200 BCE
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Sling	Unknown Suspected	1800 BCE 1200 BCE
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Self Bow	Unknown Suspected	1800 BCE 1200 BCE
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Javelin	Present Inferred	1800 BCE 1200 BCE
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Handheld Firearm	Absent	1800 BCE 1200 BCE
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Gunpowder Siege Artillery	Absent	1800 BCE 1200 BCE
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Crossbow	Unknown Suspected	1800 BCE 1200 BCE
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Composite Bow	Present	1800 BCE 1200 BCE
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Atlatl	Absent	1800 BCE 1200 BCE
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Handheld weapons Andronovo (kz_andronovo)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
War Club	Present	1800 BCE 1200 BCE
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Sword	Present	1800 BCE 1200 BCE
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Spear	Present Inferred	1800 BCE 1200 BCE
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Polearm	Unknown Suspected	1800 BCE 1200 BCE
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Dagger	Present	1800 BCE 1200 BCE
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Battle Axe	Present	1800 BCE 1200 BCE
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Animals used in warfare Andronovo (kz_andronovo)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Horse	Present	1800 BCE 1200 BCE
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Elephant	Unknown Suspected	1800 BCE 1200 BCE
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Donkey	Unknown Suspected	1800 BCE 1200 BCE
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Dog	Unknown Suspected	1800 BCE 1200 BCE
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Camel	Unknown Suspected	1800 BCE 1200 BCE
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Armor Andronovo (kz_andronovo)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Wood Bark Etc	Present Inferred	1800 BCE 1200 BCE
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Shield	Present	1800 BCE 1200 BCE
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Scaled Armor	Present Inferred	1800 BCE 1200 BCE
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Plate Armor	Unknown Suspected	1800 BCE 1200 BCE
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Limb Protection	Present Inferred	1800 BCE 1200 BCE
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Leather Cloth	Present	1800 BCE 1200 BCE
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Laminar Armor	Unknown Suspected	1800 BCE 1200 BCE
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Helmet	Present	1800 BCE 1200 BCE
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Chainmail	Unknown Suspected	1800 BCE 1200 BCE
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Breastplate	Present Inferred	1800 BCE 1200 BCE
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Naval technology Andronovo (kz_andronovo)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Specialized Military Vessel	Unknown Suspected	1800 BCE 1200 BCE
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Small Vessels Canoes Etc	Unknown Suspected	1800 BCE 1200 BCE
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Merchant Ships Pressed Into Service	Unknown Suspected	1800 BCE 1200 BCE
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Economy Variables (Luxury Goods)

Religion Variables

Moralizing Supernatural Punishment and Reward Andronovo (kz_andronovo)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Moralizing Enforcement is Broad	Absent Inferred	1800 BCE 1200 BCE
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Moralizing Supernatural Concern is Primary	Absent Inferred	1800 BCE 1200 BCE
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Moralizing Enforcement is Agentic	Unknown	1800 BCE 1200 BCE
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Moralizing Enforcement in This Life	Unknown	1800 BCE 1200 BCE
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Moralizing Supernatural Punishment And Reward	Present Inferred	1800 BCE 1200 BCE
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Moralizing Religion Adopted by Commoners	Present Inferred	1800 BCE 1200 BCE
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Moralizing Enforcement is Targeted	Transitional (Absent -> Present)	1800 BCE 1200 BCE
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Moralizing Enforcement in Afterlife	Absent Inferred	1800 BCE 1200 BCE
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Moralizing Religion Adopted by Elites	Present Inferred	1800 BCE 1200 BCE
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Moralizing Enforcement of Rulers	Present Inferred	1800 BCE 1200 BCE
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Moralizing Enforcement is Certain	Absent Inferred	1800 BCE 1200 BCE
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Human Sacrifice Andronovo (kz_andronovo)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More