Home Region:  North China (East Asia)

Jin Dynasty

1115 CE 1234 CE
EQ 2020  cn_later_great_jin / CnLrJin
Preceding Entity: Add one more here.
[continuity; Khitan Empire] [continuity]   Update here

Succeeding Entity: Add one more here.
445 BCE 225 BCE Early Wei Dynasty (cn_wei_dyn_warring_states)    [elite replacement]

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  General Description  
The Jin Dynasty (also known as the Great Jin or Jurchen Dynasty) ruled north China from 1115 to 1234 CE. [1] The dynasty was founded by a confederation of Jurchen tribes from around Manchuria that defeated the Liao in 1115 CE and then ousted the Northern Song. [2]
Jin forces captured the Northern Song capital of Kaifeng and forced the Song south in 1127 CE. [1] The Jin territory included part of Korea in northeast Asia, and Uighur and Tibetan land in western China. In 1153 CE, the Jurchen government moved its capital from Manchuria to modern-day Beijing.
This period was marked by conflict with the Southern Song and the Mongols. The Jurchen government also struggled with economic inflation and flooding. [1] In 1233 CE, the dynasty was conquered by Mongol forces, who then ruled as the Yuan dynasty. [1]
Population and political organization
The traditional Jurchen system of hereditary military chieftains was maintained by the first Jin ruler, Emperor Taizu. [3] After conquering the Liao and Northern Song, later rulers adopted a Chinese-style imperial central government, which was accepted as legitimate by Chinese Confucian scholars. [4] The Jin imperial government copied a number of Song institutions, including the nine-rank system for officials and recruitment by civil service examinations. [3]
The Jin Dynasty was the first period in Chinese history in which large populations of ethnic Han citizens were ruled by an outsider government. [1] While many Jurchen people moved from Manchuria into China during Jin rule, [4] they still only made up about 10 percent of the population of Jin Dynasty China. [4] The population of the Jin dynasty was between 45 million and 54 million people in 1200 CE. [5] [6]

[1]: (Perkins 1999, 246) Dorothy Perkins. 1999. Encyclopedia of China. New York: Routledge.

[2]: (Ebrey 1996, 167) Patricia Buckley Ebrey. 1996. The Cambridge Illustrated History of China. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

[3]: (Theobald 2000) Theobald Ulrich. 2000. ’Jin Empire Government, Administration and Law’. Chinaknowledge.de. http://www.chinaknowledge.de/History/Song/jinn-admin.html. Accessed 15 March 2017.

[4]: (Holcombe 2011, 135) Charles Holcombe. 2011. A History of East Asia. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

[5]: 中國文明史‧宋遼金時期‧金代》〈第十一章 民俗文化與社會精神風貌〉: 第2001頁-第2022頁

[6]: 中国人口发展史》.葛剑雄.福建人民出版社.

Economy Variables (Luxury Goods) Coding in Progress.
Religion Variables Coding in Progress.

NGA Settlements:

Year Range Jin Dynasty (cn_later_great_jin) was in:
 (1127 CE 1234 CE) Middle Yellow River Valley
Home NGA: Middle Yellow River Valley

General Variables
Identity and Location Jin Dynasty (cn_later_great_jin)
Variable Coded Value / Certainty Tags Year(s) See More
Utm Zone 52 S 1115 CE  1234 CE
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Original Name Jin Dynasty 1115 CE  1234 CE
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Capital 1115 CE  1234 CE
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Capital 1115 CE  1234 CE
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Capital 1115 CE  1234 CE
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Capital 1115 CE  1234 CE
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Alternative Name Great Jin 1115 CE  1234 CE
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Alternative Name Jurchen dynasty 1115 CE  1234 CE
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Temporal Bounds Jin Dynasty (cn_later_great_jin)
Variable Coded Value / Certainty Tags Year(s) See More
Peak Years
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Duration [1115 CE ➜ 1234 CE]
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Political and Cultural Relations Jin Dynasty (cn_later_great_jin)
Variable Coded Value / Certainty Tags Year(s) See More
Suprapolity Relations 1038 CE 1227 CE
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Suprapolity Relations 1127 CE  1279 CE
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Suprapolity Relations 936 CE  1258 CE
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Supracultural Entity China 1115 CE  1234 CE
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Succeeding Entity Great Yuan 1115 CE  1234 CE
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Scale of Supracultural Interaction 1115 CE  1234 CE
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Relationship to Preceding Entity continuity 1115 CE  1234 CE
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Preceding Entity
continuity; Khitan Empire [continuity]    Update here
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Succeeding Entity
445 BCE 225 BCE
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Degree of Centralization unitary state 1115 CE  1234 CE
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Language Jin Dynasty (cn_later_great_jin)
Variable Coded Value / Certainty Tags Year(s) See More
Linguistic Family Sino-Tibetan 1115 CE  1234 CE
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Linguistic Family Tungusic 1115 CE  1234 CE
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Linguistic Family Altaic 1115 CE  1234 CE
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Language Khitan 1115 CE  1234 CE
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Language Middle Chinese 1115 CE  1234 CE
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Language Jurchen 1115 CE  1234 CE
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Religion Jin Dynasty (cn_later_great_jin)
Variable Coded Value / Certainty Tags Year(s) See More
Religion Genus Chinese State Religion 1115 CE  1234 CE
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Religion Family Imperial Confucian Traditions 1115 CE  1234 CE
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Alternate Religion Genus Buddhism 1115 CE  1234 CE
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Alternate Religion Family Chinese Buddhist Traditions 1115 CE  1234 CE
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Social Complexity Variables
Social Scale Jin Dynasty (cn_later_great_jin)
Variable Coded Value / Certainty Tags Year(s) See More
Polity Territory 1115 CE  1234 CE
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Polity Population 1200 CE
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Hierarchical Complexity Jin Dynasty (cn_later_great_jin)
Variable Coded Value / Certainty Tags Year(s) See More
Religious Level 1115 CE  1234 CE
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Administrative Level 1115 CE  1234 CE
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Professions Jin Dynasty (cn_later_great_jin)
Variable Coded Value / Certainty Tags Year(s) See More
Professional Soldier 1115 CE  1234 CE
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Professional Priesthood 1115 CE  1234 CE
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Professional Military Officer 1115 CE  1234 CE
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Bureaucracy Characteristics Jin Dynasty (cn_later_great_jin)
Variable Coded Value / Certainty Tags Year(s) See More
Specialized Government Building Present 1115 CE  1234 CE
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Merit Promotion Present 1115 CE  1234 CE
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Full Time Bureaucrat Present 1115 CE  1234 CE
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Examination System 1115 CE  1234 CE
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Law Jin Dynasty (cn_later_great_jin)
Variable Coded Value / Certainty Tags Year(s) See More
Professional Lawyer Present 1115 CE  1234 CE
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Judge Present 1115 CE  1234 CE
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1115 CE  1234 CE
Court Present 1115 CE  1234 CE
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Specialized Buildings: polity owned Jin Dynasty (cn_later_great_jin)
Variable Coded Value / Certainty Tags Year(s) See More
Market Present 1115 CE  1234 CE
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Irrigation System 1115 CE  1234 CE
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Food Storage Site Present 1115 CE  1234 CE
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Drinking Water Supply System 1115 CE  1234 CE
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Utilitarian Public Building 1115 CE  1234 CE
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Knowledge Or Information Building 1115 CE  1234 CE
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Transport Infrastructure Jin Dynasty (cn_later_great_jin)
Variable Coded Value / Certainty Tags Year(s) See More
Road Present 1115 CE  1234 CE
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Port Present 1115 CE  1234 CE
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Canal Present 1115 CE  1234 CE
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Bridge 1115 CE  1234 CE
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Special-purpose Sites Jin Dynasty (cn_later_great_jin)
Variable Coded Value / Certainty Tags Year(s) See More
Enclosure 1115 CE  1234 CE
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Information / Writing System Jin Dynasty (cn_later_great_jin)
Variable Coded Value / Certainty Tags Year(s) See More
Written Record Present 1115 CE  1234 CE
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Script Present 1115 CE  1234 CE
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Phonetic Alphabetic Writing Absent 1115 CE  1234 CE
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Nonwritten Record Present 1115 CE  1234 CE
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Non Phonetic Writing Present 1115 CE  1234 CE
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Mnemonic Device 1115 CE  1234 CE
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Information / Kinds of Written Documents Jin Dynasty (cn_later_great_jin)
Variable Coded Value / Certainty Tags Year(s) See More
Scientific Literature 1115 CE  1234 CE
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Sacred Text Present 1115 CE  1234 CE
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Religious Literature Present 1115 CE  1234 CE
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Practical Literature 1115 CE  1234 CE
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Philosophy Present 1115 CE  1234 CE
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Lists Tables and Classification Present 1115 CE  1234 CE
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History Present 1115 CE  1234 CE
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Fiction 1115 CE  1234 CE
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Calendar 1115 CE  1234 CE
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Information / Money Jin Dynasty (cn_later_great_jin)
Variable Coded Value / Certainty Tags Year(s) See More
Precious Metal 1115 CE  1234 CE
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Paper Currency 1115 CE  1234 CE
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Indigenous Coin 1115 CE  1234 CE
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Foreign Coin 1115 CE  1234 CE
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Article 1115 CE  1234 CE
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Information / Postal System Jin Dynasty (cn_later_great_jin)
Variable Coded Value / Certainty Tags Year(s) See More
Postal Station Present 1115 CE  1234 CE
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General Postal Service 1115 CE  1234 CE
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Courier 1115 CE  1234 CE
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Information / Measurement System Jin Dynasty (cn_later_great_jin)
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Warfare Variables (Military Technologies)
Fortifications Jin Dynasty (cn_later_great_jin)
Variable Coded Value / Certainty Tags Year(s) See More
Wooden Palisade Unknown Suspected 1115 CE  1234 CE
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Stone Walls Non Mortared 1115 CE  1234 CE
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Stone Walls Mortared 1115 CE  1234 CE
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Settlements in a Defensive Position Present 1115 CE  1234 CE
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Modern Fortification Unknown Suspected 1115 CE  1234 CE
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Moat 1115 CE  1234 CE
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Fortified Camp Present 1115 CE  1234 CE
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Earth Rampart Unknown Suspected 1115 CE  1234 CE
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Ditch Present 1115 CE  1234 CE
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Complex Fortification 1115 CE  1234 CE
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Long Wall [1,700 to 5,000] km 1115 CE  1234 CE
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Military use of Metals Jin Dynasty (cn_later_great_jin)
Variable Coded Value / Certainty Tags Year(s) See More
Steel Present 1115 CE  1234 CE
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Iron Present 1115 CE  1234 CE
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Copper Present 1115 CE  1234 CE
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Bronze Present 1115 CE  1234 CE
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Projectiles Jin Dynasty (cn_later_great_jin)
Variable Coded Value / Certainty Tags Year(s) See More
Tension Siege Engine 1115 CE  1234 CE
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Sling Siege Engine 1115 CE  1234 CE
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Sling Siege Engine 1115 CE  1234 CE
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Sling Unknown Suspected 1115 CE  1234 CE
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Self Bow Present 1115 CE  1234 CE
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Javelin Present 1115 CE  1234 CE
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Handheld Firearm 1115 CE  1234 CE
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Handheld Firearm 1115 CE  1234 CE
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Gunpowder Siege Artillery Unknown Suspected 1115 CE  1234 CE
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Crossbow 1115 CE  1234 CE
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Composite Bow Present 1115 CE  1234 CE
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Atlatl Unknown Suspected 1115 CE  1234 CE
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Handheld weapons Jin Dynasty (cn_later_great_jin)
Variable Coded Value / Certainty Tags Year(s) See More
War Club Present 1115 CE  1234 CE
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Sword 1115 CE  1234 CE
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Spear Present 1115 CE  1234 CE
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Polearm Present 1115 CE  1234 CE
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Dagger Present 1115 CE  1234 CE
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Battle Axe Present 1115 CE  1234 CE
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Animals used in warfare Jin Dynasty (cn_later_great_jin)
Variable Coded Value / Certainty Tags Year(s) See More
Horse 1115 CE  1234 CE
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Dog 1115 CE  1234 CE
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Armor Jin Dynasty (cn_later_great_jin)
Variable Coded Value / Certainty Tags Year(s) See More
Wood Bark Etc Unknown Suspected 1115 CE  1234 CE
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Shield Present 1115 CE  1234 CE
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Scaled Armor Unknown Suspected 1115 CE  1234 CE
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Plate Armor Unknown Suspected 1115 CE  1234 CE
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Limb Protection Present 1115 CE  1234 CE
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Leather Cloth Present 1115 CE  1234 CE
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Laminar Armor Unknown Suspected 1115 CE  1234 CE
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Helmet Present 1115 CE  1234 CE
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Chainmail Unknown Suspected 1115 CE  1234 CE
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Breastplate Present 1115 CE  1234 CE
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Naval technology Jin Dynasty (cn_later_great_jin)
Variable Coded Value / Certainty Tags Year(s) See More
Specialized Military Vessel 1115 CE  1234 CE
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Small Vessels Canoes Etc 1115 CE  1234 CE
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Merchant Ships Pressed Into Service Present 1115 CE  1234 CE
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Economy Variables (Luxury Goods)
Religion Variables
Moralizing Supernatural Punishment and Reward Jin Dynasty (cn_later_great_jin)
Variable Coded Value / Certainty Tags Year(s) See More
Moralizing Enforcement is Broad 1115 CE  1234 CE
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Moralizing Supernatural Concern is Primary 1115 CE  1234 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement is Agentic 1115 CE  1234 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement in This Life 1115 CE  1234 CE
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Moralizing Supernatural Punishment And Reward 1115 CE  1234 CE
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Moralizing Religion Adopted by Commoners 1115 CE  1234 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement is Targeted 1115 CE  1234 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement in Afterlife 1115 CE  1234 CE
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Moralizing Religion Adopted by Elites 1115 CE  1234 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement of Rulers 1115 CE  1234 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement is Certain 1115 CE  1234 CE
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Human Sacrifice Jin Dynasty (cn_later_great_jin)
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Instability Data
Power Transitions