Home Region: Maghreb (Africa)

Alaouite Dynasty I

1631 CE 1727 CE

D G SC CC

EQ 2020 mo_alawi_dyn_1

Preceding Entity:

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Succeeding Entity:

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General Description

“In 1666 Mawlay al-Rashid was proclaimed sultan in Fez as the first ruler of the new ’Alawi dynasty. In 1669 he conquered Marrakesh and two years later, in 1671, his envoy came to Timbuktu and ’the army pledged allegiance to Mawlay al-Rashid’.2 In other words, as soon as a new Sharifian dynasty assumed authority in Morocco, the arma in Timbuktu renewed nominal and symbolic allegiance.”^[1]
“As the two Sa’did makhzans based on Marrakech and Fez crumbled in the middle years of the seventeenth century (see above, no. 20), Morocco was rent by internal factions, usually with strong religious, maraboutic bases. It was the ‘Alawids or Filālī Shorfā, of the same Hasanī descent as the declining Sa’dids, who finally succeeded in imposing order from an original centre in Tafilalt, the valley of the Wādī Zīz in south-eastern Morocco (whence the name Filālī). Mawlāy al-Rashīd was the first of the family to assume the title of sultan. He began the work of pacification and attempted a a restoration of central authority throughout Morocco, but this proved an extremely lengthy process, so deep-rooted had become provincialism and anarchy. A strong figure like Mawlāy Ismā’īl tried in vain to solve these problems by recruiting, in addition to the gīsh ( [2]
Isma’il ruled between 1672-1727 and was one of the longest reigning Moroccan sultans. Upon his death his sons fought over the succession and the country went to war until 1757. Isma’il had fathered hundreds of sons, most of whom were eligible for the throne. While the sons were fighting for control of the throne, the country was rebelling against the taxes that Isma’il had imposed. The ’Abid had also grown incredibly powerful during Isma’il’s reign and were able to install, influence and depose of sultans. Three of Isma’il’s sons ruled on and off between 1727-1733 during which time installations and depositions of sultans were controlled by the ’Abid and in the meantime, north Morocco became almost completely independant of central governement, being ruled by the son of a local governor. . Abu’l Abbas Ahmad was deposed in 1728, only to be reinstated shortly after, but then deposed again on the day of his death on 5 March 1729 - he was smothered to death by his wives in a palace conspiracy. (El Hamel 2014: 213) His half-brother Moulay Abdelmalik was proclaimed sultan before Ahmad was deposed but was murdered three days before his brother died. (El Hamel 2014: 213) His brother and successor, Moulay Abdallah, was made Sultan and deposed six times between 1729 and 1757 (1729–1734, 1736, 1740–1741, 1741–1742, 1743–1747 and 1748–1757). Upon Abdallah’s death his sole surviving heir, Mohammed ben Abdallah, became sultan in 1757 and full order was restored across the country. ^[3]

[1]: (Fage and Oliver 1975: 150) Fage, J. D. and Oliver, Roland Anthony. 1975. eds., The Cambridge History of Africa: Volume 4, from c. 1600 to c. 1790. Cambridge; New York: Cambridge University Press. https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/Z6BCU87M

[2]: (Boswroth 1996: 115) Bosworth, Clifford Edmund. 1996. "The ’Alawid or Filali Sharifs". The New Islamic Dynasties: A Chronological and Genealogical Manual. Edinburgh. Edinburgh University Press. https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/B6JRSLIB

[3]: (El Hamel 2014: 213) El Hamel, Chouki. 2014. Black Morocco: A History of Slavery, Race, and Islam. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/T9JFH8AS

General Variables

Identity and Location

1 Utm Zone

1 Original Name

2 Capital

2 Alternative Name

Temporal Bounds

1 Peak Years

1 Duration

Political and Cultural Relations

Language

Religion

2 Religious Tradition

Social Complexity Variables

Social Scale

Hierarchical Complexity

1 Religious Level

1 Military Level

1 Administrative Level

Professions

1 Professional Soldier

1 Professional Priesthood

1 Source Of Support

Bureaucracy Characteristics

1 Specialized Government Building

1 Full Time Bureaucrat

Law

1 Judge

1 Formal Legal Code

Specialized Buildings: polity owned

1 Market

1 Irrigation System

1 Food Storage Site

1 Drinking Water Supply System

1 Communal Building

1 Utilitarian Public Building

1 Symbolic Building

1 Knowledge Or Information Building

1 Other Utilitarian Public Building

Transport Infrastructure

1 Port

1 Bridge

Special-purpose Sites

1 Enclosure

1 Ceremonial Site

1 Burial Site

Information / Writing System

1 Written Record

1 Script

1 Phonetic Alphabetic Writing

Information / Kinds of Written Documents

1 Religious Literature

1 Lists Tables and Classification

1 History

Information / Money

1 Precious Metal

1 Indigenous Coin

1 Debt And Credit Structure

Information / Postal System

Information / Measurement System

Warfare Variables (Military Technologies)

Fortifications

Military use of Metals

Projectiles

Handheld weapons

Animals used in warfare

Armor

Naval technology

Economy Variables (Luxury Goods) Coding in Progress.

Religion Variables Coding in Progress.

Crisis Consequence Cases

1 Crisis Consequence

Power Transitions Coding in Progress.

Instability Events

20 Instability Event

General Variables

Identity and Location Alaouite Dynasty I (mo_alawi_dyn_1)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Utm Zone	29 N	1631 CE 1727 CE
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Original Name	Alaouite Dynasty I	1631 CE 1727 CE
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Capital	Fez	1631 CE 1727 CE
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Capital	Meknes	1631 CE 1727 CE
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Alternative Name	Alawid	1631 CE 1727 CE
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Alternative Name	Alawis	1631 CE 1727 CE
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Temporal Bounds Alaouite Dynasty I (mo_alawi_dyn_1)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More
Peak Years	[1666 CE ➜ 1672 CE]
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Duration	[1631 CE ➜ 1727 CE]
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Political and Cultural Relations Alaouite Dynasty I (mo_alawi_dyn_1)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More

Language Alaouite Dynasty I (mo_alawi_dyn_1)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More

Religion Alaouite Dynasty I (mo_alawi_dyn_1)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Religious Tradition	Islam	1631 CE 1727 CE
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Religious Tradition	Judaism	1631 CE 1727 CE
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Social Complexity Variables

Social Scale Alaouite Dynasty I (mo_alawi_dyn_1)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More

Hierarchical Complexity Alaouite Dynasty I (mo_alawi_dyn_1)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Religious Level	2	1631 CE 1727 CE
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Military Level	4	1631 CE 1727 CE
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Administrative Level	6	1631 CE 1727 CE
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Professions Alaouite Dynasty I (mo_alawi_dyn_1)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Professional Soldier	Present	1631 CE 1727 CE
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Professional Priesthood	Absent	1631 CE 1727 CE
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Source Of Support	salary	1631 CE 1727 CE
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Bureaucracy Characteristics Alaouite Dynasty I (mo_alawi_dyn_1)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Specialized Government Building	Present	1631 CE 1727 CE
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Full Time Bureaucrat	Present Inferred	1631 CE 1727 CE
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Law Alaouite Dynasty I (mo_alawi_dyn_1)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Judge	Present	1631 CE 1727 CE
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Formal Legal Code	Present	1631 CE 1727 CE
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Specialized Buildings: polity owned Alaouite Dynasty I (mo_alawi_dyn_1)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Market	Present	1631 CE 1727 CE
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Irrigation System	Present	1631 CE 1727 CE
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Food Storage Site	Present	1631 CE 1727 CE
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Drinking Water Supply System	Present	1631 CE 1727 CE
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Communal Building	Present	1631 CE 1727 CE
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Utilitarian Public Building	Present	1631 CE 1727 CE
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Symbolic Building	Present	1631 CE 1727 CE
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Knowledge Or Information Building	Present	1631 CE 1727 CE
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Other Utilitarian Public Building	Present	1631 CE 1727 CE
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Transport Infrastructure Alaouite Dynasty I (mo_alawi_dyn_1)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Port	Present	1631 CE 1727 CE
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Bridge	Present	1631 CE 1727 CE
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Special-purpose Sites Alaouite Dynasty I (mo_alawi_dyn_1)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Enclosure	Present	1631 CE 1727 CE
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Ceremonial Site	Present	1631 CE 1727 CE
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Burial Site	Present	1631 CE 1727 CE
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Information / Writing System Alaouite Dynasty I (mo_alawi_dyn_1)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Written Record	Present	1631 CE 1727 CE
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Script	Present	1631 CE 1727 CE
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Phonetic Alphabetic Writing	Present	1631 CE 1727 CE
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Information / Kinds of Written Documents Alaouite Dynasty I (mo_alawi_dyn_1)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Religious Literature	Present	1631 CE 1727 CE
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Lists Tables and Classification	Present	1631 CE 1727 CE
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History	Present	1631 CE 1727 CE
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Information / Money Alaouite Dynasty I (mo_alawi_dyn_1)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Precious Metal	Present	1631 CE 1727 CE
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Indigenous Coin	Present	1631 CE 1727 CE
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Debt And Credit Structure	Present	1631 CE 1727 CE
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Information / Postal System Alaouite Dynasty I (mo_alawi_dyn_1)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More

Information / Measurement System Alaouite Dynasty I (mo_alawi_dyn_1)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More

Warfare Variables (Military Technologies)

Fortifications Alaouite Dynasty I (mo_alawi_dyn_1)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More

Military use of Metals Alaouite Dynasty I (mo_alawi_dyn_1)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More

Projectiles Alaouite Dynasty I (mo_alawi_dyn_1)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More

Handheld weapons Alaouite Dynasty I (mo_alawi_dyn_1)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More

Animals used in warfare Alaouite Dynasty I (mo_alawi_dyn_1)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More

Armor Alaouite Dynasty I (mo_alawi_dyn_1)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More

Naval technology Alaouite Dynasty I (mo_alawi_dyn_1)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More

Economy Variables (Luxury Goods)

Religion Variables

Moralizing Supernatural Punishment and Reward Alaouite Dynasty I (mo_alawi_dyn_1)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More

Human Sacrifice Alaouite Dynasty I (mo_alawi_dyn_1)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More