Home Region: Iran (Southwest Asia)

Susa III

3100 BCE 2675 BCE

D G SC WF

EQ 2020 ir_susa_3 / IrSusa3

Preceding Entity: Add one more here.

3800 BCE 3100 BCE Susa II (ir_susa_2) [None]

Succeeding Entity: Add one more here.

2675 BCE 2100 BCE Elam - Awan Dynasty I (ir_elam_1) [unknown]

General Description

While no information could be found in the sources consulted regarding the polity’s overall population, it is estimated that the largest settlement - Tall-i Malyan at Fars, Anshan region – may have had up to ten thousand inhabitants. ^[1] However it is also believed that during this period there was a decrease in population following a rapid urbanisation of the mountain heartland, followed by a collapse and possible reversion to nomadism. ^[2]
There were three tiers of settlement in the area: Susa, the centre and capital of the polity, the villages that surrounded Susa, and other small sites such as farmsteads or seasonal sheparding areas. ^[3] During the Susa III phase, Susa has been considered to have been the "centre of greatest economic activity in literate Iran", which led to it being annexed by Anshan. ^[4]
During this time writing developed in response to the administrative requirements of urban societies during this period. ^[3] Administration was usually run through the temples in the urban centres, which would deal with anything from dealing with trade to accounting to government duties. ^[5]

[1]: (Leverani 2014, 91) Liverani, Mario. Tabatabai, Soraia trans. 2014. The Ancient Near East. History, society and economy. Routledge. London.

[2]: (Amiet, Chevalier and Carter 1992, 5) Amiet, Pierre. Chevalier, Nicole. Carter, Elizabeth. in Harper, Prudence O. Aruz, Joan. Tallon, Francoise. eds. 1992. The Royal City of Susa: Ancient Near Eastern Treasures in the Louvre. Metropolitan Museum of Art.

[3]: (Sumner 1988) Sumner, William. 1988. Frank Hole, (ed.) - 1987. The Archaeology of Western Iran, Settlement and Society From Prehistory to the Islamic Conquest. Paleorient. Volume 14. Number 1. pp.177-179.

[4]: (Potts 2016, 71) Potts, D T. 2016. The Archaeology of Elam Formation and Transformation of an Ancient Iranian State. 2nd Edition. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge.

[5]: (Joseph 2011, 135) Joseph, George Gheverghese. The Crest of the Peacock: Non-European Roots of Mathematics (Third Edition). Princeton University Press.

General Variables

Identity and Location

1 Utm Zone

1 Original Name

1 Capital

3 Alternative Name

Temporal Bounds

1 Duration

Political and Cultural Relations

1 Supracultural Entity

1 Succeeding Entity

2 Polity Succession

2 Degree of Centralization

Language

1 Linguistic Family

2 Language

Religion

Social Complexity Variables

Social Scale

1 Population of the Largest Settlement

1 Polity Territory

1 Polity Population

Hierarchical Complexity

1 Settlement Hierarchy

1 Religious Level

1 Military Level

1 Administrative Level

Professions

2 Professional Soldier

1 Professional Priesthood

1 Professional Military Officer

Bureaucracy Characteristics

1 Specialized Government Building

1 Full Time Bureaucrat

Law

1 Professional Lawyer

1 Judge

1 Formal Legal Code

1 Court

Specialized Buildings: polity owned

1 Market

1 Irrigation System

1 Food Storage Site

1 Drinking Water Supply System

Transport Infrastructure

1 Road

1 Canal

Special-purpose Sites

1 Mines or Quarry

Information / Writing System

1 Written Record

1 Script

1 Nonwritten Record

1 Mnemonic Device

Information / Kinds of Written Documents

1 Scientific Literature

1 Sacred Text

1 Religious Literature

1 Practical Literature

1 Lists Tables and Classification

1 Calendar

Information / Money

1 Precious Metal

1 Paper Currency

1 Indigenous Coin

1 Foreign Coin

1 Article

Information / Postal System

1 Postal Station

1 Courier

Information / Measurement System

Warfare Variables (Military Technologies)

Fortifications

1 Wooden Palisade

1 Stone Walls Non Mortared

1 Stone Walls Mortared

1 Settlements in a Defensive Position

1 Modern Fortification

1 Moat

1 Fortified Camp

1 Earth Rampart

1 Ditch

1 Complex Fortification

1 Long Wall

Military use of Metals

1 Steel

1 Iron

1 Copper

1 Bronze

Projectiles

1 Tension Siege Engine

1 Sling Siege Engine

1 Sling

1 Self Bow

1 Javelin

1 Handheld Firearm

1 Gunpowder Siege Artillery

1 Crossbow

1 Composite Bow

1 Atlatl

Handheld weapons

1 War Club

1 Sword

1 Spear

1 Polearm

1 Dagger

1 Battle Axe

Animals used in warfare

1 Horse

1 Elephant

1 Donkey

1 Dog

1 Camel

Armor

1 Wood Bark Etc

1 Shield

1 Scaled Armor

1 Plate Armor

1 Limb Protection

1 Leather Cloth

1 Laminar Armor

1 Helmet

1 Chainmail

1 Breastplate

Naval technology

1 Specialized Military Vessel

1 Small Vessels Canoes Etc

1 Merchant Ships Pressed Into Service

Economy Variables (Luxury Goods) Coding in Progress.

Religion Variables Coding in Progress.

Crisis Consequence Cases Coding in Progress.

Power Transitions Coding in Progress.

Instability Events Coding in Progress.

NGA Settlements:

Year Range	Susa III (ir_susa_3) was in:
(3100 BCE 2676 BCE)	Susiana

Home NGA: Susiana

General Variables

Identity and Location Susa III (ir_susa_3)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Utm Zone	39 R	3100 BCE 2675 BCE
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Original Name	Susa III	3100 BCE 2675 BCE
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Capital	Susa	3100 BCE 2675 BCE
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Alternative Name	Proto-Elamite Period	3100 BCE 2675 BCE
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Alternative Name	Susa C	3100 BCE 2675 BCE
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Alternative Name	Late Banesh	3100 BCE 2675 BCE
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Temporal Bounds Susa III (ir_susa_3)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More
Duration	[3100 BCE ➜ 2675 BCE]
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Political and Cultural Relations Susa III (ir_susa_3)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Supracultural Entity	Sumerian	3100 BCE 2675 BCE
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Succeeding Entity	Elam - Awan Dynasty I	3100 BCE 2675 BCE
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Succeeding Entity 2675 BCE 2100 BCE	Elam - Awan Dynasty I (ir_elam_1) [unknown] Suspected
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Preceding Entity 3800 BCE 3100 BCE	Susa II (ir_susa_2) [None]
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Degree of Centralization	unitary state	3100 BCE 2675 BCE
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Degree of Centralization	confederated state	3100 BCE 2675 BCE
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Language Susa III (ir_susa_3)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Linguistic Family	NO_VALUE_ON_WIKI	3100 BCE 2675 BCE
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Language	Sumerian	3100 BCE 2675 BCE
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Language	Proto-Elamite	3100 BCE 2675 BCE
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Religion Susa III (ir_susa_3)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More

Social Complexity Variables

Social Scale Susa III (ir_susa_3)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Population of the Largest Settlement	[2,500 to 10,000] people	3100 BCE 2675 BCE
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Polity Territory	- Undecided	3100 BCE 2675 BCE
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Polity Population	- Undecided	3100 BCE 2675 BCE
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Hierarchical Complexity Susa III (ir_susa_3)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Settlement Hierarchy	[2 to 3]	3100 BCE 2675 BCE
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Religious Level	[2 to 3]	3100 BCE 2675 BCE
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Military Level	[2 to 3]	3100 BCE 2675 BCE
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Administrative Level	4	3100 BCE 2675 BCE
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Professions Susa III (ir_susa_3)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Professional Soldier	Absent Uncertain	3100 BCE 2675 BCE
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Professional Soldier	Present Uncertain	3100 BCE 2675 BCE
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Professional Priesthood	Unknown Suspected	3100 BCE 2675 BCE
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Professional Military Officer	Uncoded Undecided	3100 BCE 2675 BCE
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Bureaucracy Characteristics Susa III (ir_susa_3)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Specialized Government Building	Present Inferred	3100 BCE 2675 BCE
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Full Time Bureaucrat	Present Inferred	3100 BCE 2675 BCE
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Law Susa III (ir_susa_3)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Professional Lawyer	Absent Inferred	3100 BCE 2675 BCE
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Judge	Absent Inferred	3100 BCE 2675 BCE
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Formal Legal Code	Uncoded Undecided	3100 BCE 2675 BCE
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Court	Absent Inferred	3100 BCE 2675 BCE
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Specialized Buildings: polity owned Susa III (ir_susa_3)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Market	Unknown Suspected	3100 BCE 2675 BCE
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Irrigation System	Present	3100 BCE 2675 BCE
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Food Storage Site	Unknown Suspected	3100 BCE 2675 BCE
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Drinking Water Supply System	Unknown Suspected	3100 BCE 2675 BCE
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Transport Infrastructure Susa III (ir_susa_3)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Road	Present Inferred	3100 BCE 2675 BCE
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Canal	Absent Inferred	3100 BCE 2675 BCE
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Special-purpose Sites Susa III (ir_susa_3)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Mines or Quarry	Unknown Suspected	3100 BCE 2675 BCE
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Information / Writing System Susa III (ir_susa_3)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Written Record	Present	3100 BCE 2675 BCE
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Script	Present	3100 BCE 2675 BCE
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Nonwritten Record	Present	3100 BCE 2675 BCE
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Mnemonic Device	Present Inferred	3100 BCE 2675 BCE
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Information / Kinds of Written Documents Susa III (ir_susa_3)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Scientific Literature	Present Inferred	3100 BCE 2675 BCE
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Sacred Text	Uncoded Undecided	3100 BCE 2675 BCE
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Religious Literature	Present Inferred	3100 BCE 2675 BCE
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Practical Literature	Present Inferred	3100 BCE 2675 BCE
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Lists Tables and Classification	Present	3100 BCE 2675 BCE
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Calendar	Present Inferred	3100 BCE 2675 BCE
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Information / Money Susa III (ir_susa_3)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Precious Metal	Present Inferred	3100 BCE 2675 BCE
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Paper Currency	Unknown Suspected	3100 BCE 2675 BCE
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Indigenous Coin	Unknown Suspected	3100 BCE 2675 BCE
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Foreign Coin	Unknown Suspected	3100 BCE 2675 BCE
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Article	Present Inferred	3100 BCE 2675 BCE
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Information / Postal System Susa III (ir_susa_3)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Postal Station	Uncoded Undecided	3100 BCE 2675 BCE
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Courier	Present	3100 BCE 2675 BCE
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Information / Measurement System Susa III (ir_susa_3)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More

Warfare Variables (Military Technologies)

Fortifications Susa III (ir_susa_3)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Wooden Palisade	Unknown Suspected	3100 BCE 2675 BCE
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Stone Walls Non Mortared	Absent	3100 BCE 2675 BCE
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Stone Walls Mortared	Absent	3100 BCE 2675 BCE
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Settlements in a Defensive Position	Present	3100 BCE 2675 BCE
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Modern Fortification	Absent	3100 BCE 2675 BCE
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Moat	Unknown Suspected	3100 BCE 2675 BCE
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Fortified Camp	Unknown Suspected	3100 BCE 2675 BCE
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Earth Rampart	Unknown Suspected	3100 BCE 2675 BCE
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Ditch	Unknown Suspected	3100 BCE 2675 BCE
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Complex Fortification	Absent	3100 BCE 2675 BCE
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Long Wall	unknown Suspected	3100 BCE 2675 BCE
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Military use of Metals Susa III (ir_susa_3)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Steel	Absent	3100 BCE 2675 BCE
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Iron	Absent	3100 BCE 2675 BCE
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Copper	Present	3100 BCE 2675 BCE
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Bronze	Present Inferred	3100 BCE 2675 BCE
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Projectiles Susa III (ir_susa_3)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Tension Siege Engine	Absent	3100 BCE 2675 BCE
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Sling Siege Engine	Absent	3100 BCE 2675 BCE
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Sling	Present	3100 BCE 2675 BCE
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Self Bow	Present Inferred	3100 BCE 2675 BCE
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Javelin	Unknown Suspected	3100 BCE 2675 BCE
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Handheld Firearm	Absent	3100 BCE 2675 BCE
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Gunpowder Siege Artillery	Absent	3100 BCE 2675 BCE
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Crossbow	Absent	3100 BCE 2675 BCE
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Composite Bow	Present	3100 BCE 2675 BCE
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Atlatl	Absent	3100 BCE 2675 BCE
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Handheld weapons Susa III (ir_susa_3)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
War Club	Present	3100 BCE 2675 BCE
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Sword	Present	3100 BCE 2675 BCE
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Spear	Present	3100 BCE 2675 BCE
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Polearm	Absent	3100 BCE 2675 BCE
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Dagger	Present Inferred	3100 BCE 2675 BCE
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Battle Axe	Present	3100 BCE 2675 BCE
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Animals used in warfare Susa III (ir_susa_3)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Horse	Absent	3100 BCE 2675 BCE
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Elephant	Absent	3100 BCE 2675 BCE
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Donkey	Unknown Suspected	3100 BCE 2675 BCE
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Dog	Present	3100 BCE 2675 BCE
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Camel	Absent	3100 BCE 2675 BCE
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Armor Susa III (ir_susa_3)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Wood Bark Etc	Unknown Suspected	3100 BCE 2675 BCE
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Shield	Unknown Suspected	3100 BCE 2675 BCE
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Scaled Armor	Absent	3100 BCE 2675 BCE
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Plate Armor	Absent	3100 BCE 2675 BCE
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Limb Protection	Absent Inferred	3100 BCE 2675 BCE
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Leather Cloth	Unknown Suspected	3100 BCE 2675 BCE
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Laminar Armor	Absent	3100 BCE 2675 BCE
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Helmet	Absent Inferred	3100 BCE 2675 BCE
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Chainmail	Absent	3100 BCE 2675 BCE
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Breastplate	Absent	3100 BCE 2675 BCE
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Naval technology Susa III (ir_susa_3)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Specialized Military Vessel	Absent	3100 BCE 2675 BCE
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Small Vessels Canoes Etc	Unknown Suspected	3100 BCE 2675 BCE
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Merchant Ships Pressed Into Service	Absent	3100 BCE 2675 BCE
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Economy Variables (Luxury Goods)

Religion Variables

Moralizing Supernatural Punishment and Reward Susa III (ir_susa_3)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More

Human Sacrifice Susa III (ir_susa_3)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More