Home Region: Turkestan (Central and Northern Eurasia)

Khwarezmid Empire

1157 CE 1231 CE

D G SC CC

EQ 2020 tm_khwarezmid_emp / TmKhwrz

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General Description

The Khwarezmid (Khwarazmian or Khorezmian or Khorezmshah) Empire was ruled by the Khwarazmian dynasty (also known by Khwarazmshah dynasty, Anushtegin dynasty or Anushteginids) and consisted of parts of modern-day Iran, Afghanistan and Central Asia.
The Khwarazmshah dynasty were initially vassal rulers of the Seljuqs but later established their own independent state - which quickly grew into an empire - after the death of the Seljuq Sultan, Sanjar, in 1157.
The polity ends after the Mongol conquest of the region in 1219-1221, and the death of the final Khwarazmshah, Muḥammad, Jalāl al-Dīn, in 1231.
The list of rulers are:
c. 470/c. 1077 Anūshtigin Gharcha’ī nominal Khwārazm Shāh.
490/1097 Ekinchi b. Qochqar, Turkish governor with the title Khwdrazm Shah.
490/1097 Arslan Tigin Muḥammad b. Anūshtigin, Abu ’l-Fatḥ, Quṭb al-Dín, Khwārazm Shah.
521/1127 Qïzïl Arslan Atsïz b. Muḥammad, Abu ‘l-Muẓaffar ‘Alā al-Dīn.
551/1156 Il Arslan b. Atsïz, Abu’ l-Fatḥ.
567/1172 Tekish b. Il Arslan, Abu’ l-Muẓaffar Tāj al-Dunyā wa ‘ l-Dīn.
567– 89/1172–93 Mahmūd b. Il Arslan, Abu ‘ l-Qāsim Sulṭan Shāh, Jalāl al- Dunyā wa ’l-Dīn, rival ruler in northern Khurasan, d.589/1193.
596/1200 Muḥammad b. Tekish ‘Alā’ al-Dīn.
617–28/1220–31 Mengübirti (one of the usual renderings of this cryptic Turkish name; a further possibility suggested recently by Dr Peter Jackson is Mingīrinī: ‘having a thousand men’ = the familiar Persian name Hazārmard) b. Muḥammad, Jalāl al-Dīn.
Mongol conquest of Transoxania and Persia.
^[1] ^[2] ^[3]

[1]: Khwarazmshahs I. Descendants of the Line of Anuštigin. https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/U9U8ZTYS

[2]: Bosworth 2012: 301-302. https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/B6JRSLIB

[3]: Soucek 2000: 320. https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/GNQIHZ4T

General Variables

Identity and Location

1 Utm Zone

1 Original Name

4 Capital

7 Alternative Name

Temporal Bounds

1 Duration

Political and Cultural Relations

Language

Religion

1 Religious Tradition

Social Complexity Variables

Social Scale

1 Population of the Largest Settlement

2 Polity Territory

1 Polity Population

1 Largest Communication Distance

Hierarchical Complexity

1 Settlement Hierarchy

1 Military Level

1 Administrative Level

Professions

1 Professional Soldier

1 Professional Priesthood

1 Professional Military Officer

1 Source Of Support

Bureaucracy Characteristics

1 Specialized Government Building

1 Merit Promotion

1 Full Time Bureaucrat

1 Examination System

Law

1 Professional Lawyer

1 Judge

1 Formal Legal Code

1 Court

Specialized Buildings: polity owned

1 Market

1 Irrigation System

1 Food Storage Site

1 Drinking Water Supply System

1 Communal Building

1 Utilitarian Public Building

1 Symbolic Building

1 Knowledge Or Information Building

1 Entertainment Building

1 Special Purpose House

Transport Infrastructure

1 Road

1 Port

1 Canal

1 Bridge

Special-purpose Sites

1 Mines or Quarry

1 Enclosure

1 Ceremonial Site

1 Burial Site

Information / Writing System

1 Written Record

1 Script

1 Phonetic Alphabetic Writing

1 Nonwritten Record

1 Mnemonic Device

Information / Kinds of Written Documents

1 Scientific Literature

1 Sacred Text

1 Religious Literature

1 Practical Literature

1 Philosophy

1 Lists Tables and Classification

1 Fiction

Information / Money

1 Token

1 Precious Metal

1 Paper Currency

1 Indigenous Coin

1 Foreign Coin

1 Article

1 Store Of Wealth

1 Debt And Credit Structure

Information / Postal System

1 Postal Station

1 General Postal Service

1 Courier

1 Fastest Individual Communication

Information / Measurement System

1 Weight Measurement System

1 Volume Measurement System

1 Length Measurement System

1 Area Measurement System

Warfare Variables (Military Technologies)

Fortifications

Military use of Metals

Projectiles

Handheld weapons

Animals used in warfare

Armor

Naval technology

Economy Variables (Luxury Goods) Coding in Progress.

Religion Variables Coding in Progress.

Crisis Consequence Cases

1 Crisis Consequence

Power Transitions Coding in Progress.

Instability Events

8 Instability Event

General Variables

Identity and Location Khwarezmid Empire (tm_khwarezmid_emp)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Utm Zone	38 N	1157 CE 1231 CE
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Original Name	Khwarezmid Empire	1157 CE 1231 CE
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Capital	Gurganj	1077 CE 1212 CE
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Capital	Samarqand	1212 CE 1220 CE
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Capital	Ghazna	1220 CE 1221 CE
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Capital	Tabriz	1225 CE 1231 CE
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Alternative Name	Khwarazmian Empire	1157 CE 1231 CE
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Alternative Name	Khorezmian Empire	1157 CE 1231 CE
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Alternative Name	Khwarazmian dynasty	1157 CE 1231 CE
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Alternative Name	Khwarazmshah dynasty	1157 CE 1231 CE
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Alternative Name	Khorezmshah Kingdom	1157 CE 1231 CE
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Alternative Name	Anushtegin dynasty	1157 CE 1231 CE
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Alternative Name	Anushteginids	1157 CE 1231 CE
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Temporal Bounds Khwarezmid Empire (tm_khwarezmid_emp)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More
Duration	[1157 CE ➜ 1231 CE]
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Political and Cultural Relations Khwarezmid Empire (tm_khwarezmid_emp)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More

Language Khwarezmid Empire (tm_khwarezmid_emp)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More

Religion Khwarezmid Empire (tm_khwarezmid_emp)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Religious Tradition	Islam	1157 CE 1231 CE
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Social Complexity Variables

Social Scale Khwarezmid Empire (tm_khwarezmid_emp)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Population of the Largest Settlement	- Suspected	1157 CE 1231 CE
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Polity Territory	2,300,000 km²	1210 CE
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Polity Territory	3,600,000 km²	1218 CE
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Polity Population	5,000,000 people	1220 CE
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Largest Communication Distance	2084	1157 CE 1231 CE
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Hierarchical Complexity Khwarezmid Empire (tm_khwarezmid_emp)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Settlement Hierarchy	5	1157 CE 1231 CE
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Military Level	10	1157 CE 1231 CE
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Administrative Level	6	1157 CE 1231 CE
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Professions Khwarezmid Empire (tm_khwarezmid_emp)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Professional Soldier	Present	1157 CE 1231 CE
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Professional Priesthood	Absent	1157 CE 1231 CE
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Professional Military Officer	Present	1157 CE 1231 CE
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Source Of Support	salary	1157 CE 1231 CE
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Bureaucracy Characteristics Khwarezmid Empire (tm_khwarezmid_emp)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Specialized Government Building	Present	1157 CE 1231 CE
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Merit Promotion	Unknown Suspected	1157 CE 1231 CE
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Full Time Bureaucrat	Present	1157 CE 1231 CE
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Examination System	Unknown Suspected	1157 CE 1231 CE
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Law Khwarezmid Empire (tm_khwarezmid_emp)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Professional Lawyer	Present	1157 CE 1231 CE
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Judge	Present Inferred	1157 CE 1231 CE
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Formal Legal Code	Present	1157 CE 1231 CE
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Court	Present Inferred	1157 CE 1231 CE
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Specialized Buildings: polity owned Khwarezmid Empire (tm_khwarezmid_emp)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Market	Present	1157 CE 1231 CE
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Irrigation System	Present	1157 CE 1231 CE
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Food Storage Site	Present	1157 CE 1231 CE
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Drinking Water Supply System	Present	1157 CE 1231 CE
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Communal Building	Present	1157 CE 1231 CE
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Utilitarian Public Building	Present	1157 CE 1231 CE
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Symbolic Building	Present	1157 CE 1231 CE
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Knowledge Or Information Building	Present	1157 CE 1231 CE
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Entertainment Building	Present	1157 CE 1231 CE
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Special Purpose House	Unknown Suspected	1157 CE 1231 CE
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Transport Infrastructure Khwarezmid Empire (tm_khwarezmid_emp)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Road	Present	1157 CE 1231 CE
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Port	Unknown Suspected	1157 CE 1231 CE
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Canal	Present	1157 CE 1231 CE
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Bridge	Present	1157 CE 1231 CE
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Special-purpose Sites Khwarezmid Empire (tm_khwarezmid_emp)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Mines or Quarry	Present	1157 CE 1231 CE
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Enclosure	Present	1157 CE 1231 CE
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Ceremonial Site	Present	1157 CE 1231 CE
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Burial Site	Present	1157 CE 1231 CE
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Information / Writing System Khwarezmid Empire (tm_khwarezmid_emp)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Written Record	Present	1157 CE 1231 CE
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Script	Present	1157 CE 1231 CE
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Phonetic Alphabetic Writing	Present	1157 CE 1231 CE
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Nonwritten Record	Present	1157 CE 1231 CE
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Mnemonic Device	Unknown Suspected	1157 CE 1231 CE
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Information / Kinds of Written Documents Khwarezmid Empire (tm_khwarezmid_emp)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Scientific Literature	Present	1157 CE 1231 CE
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Sacred Text	Present	1157 CE 1231 CE
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Religious Literature	Present	1157 CE 1231 CE
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Practical Literature	Present	1157 CE 1231 CE
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Philosophy	Present	1157 CE 1231 CE
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Lists Tables and Classification	Present	1157 CE 1231 CE
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Fiction	Present	1157 CE 1231 CE
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Information / Money Khwarezmid Empire (tm_khwarezmid_emp)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Token	Unknown Suspected	1157 CE 1231 CE
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Precious Metal	Present	1157 CE 1231 CE
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Paper Currency	Absent	1157 CE 1231 CE
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Indigenous Coin	Present	1157 CE 1231 CE
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Foreign Coin	Present	1157 CE 1231 CE
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Article	Unknown Suspected	1157 CE 1231 CE
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Store Of Wealth	Present	1157 CE 1231 CE
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Debt And Credit Structure	Unknown Suspected	1157 CE 1231 CE
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Information / Postal System Khwarezmid Empire (tm_khwarezmid_emp)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Postal Station	Unknown Suspected	1157 CE 1231 CE
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General Postal Service	Unknown Suspected	1157 CE 1231 CE
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Courier	Unknown Suspected	1157 CE 1231 CE
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Fastest Individual Communication	- Suspected	1157 CE 1231 CE
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Information / Measurement System Khwarezmid Empire (tm_khwarezmid_emp)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Weight Measurement System	Present	1157 CE 1231 CE
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Volume Measurement System	Present	1157 CE 1231 CE
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Length Measurement System	Present	1157 CE 1231 CE
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Area Measurement System	Present	1157 CE 1231 CE
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Warfare Variables (Military Technologies)

Fortifications Khwarezmid Empire (tm_khwarezmid_emp)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More

Military use of Metals Khwarezmid Empire (tm_khwarezmid_emp)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More

Projectiles Khwarezmid Empire (tm_khwarezmid_emp)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More

Handheld weapons Khwarezmid Empire (tm_khwarezmid_emp)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More

Animals used in warfare Khwarezmid Empire (tm_khwarezmid_emp)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More

Armor Khwarezmid Empire (tm_khwarezmid_emp)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More

Naval technology Khwarezmid Empire (tm_khwarezmid_emp)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More

Economy Variables (Luxury Goods)

Religion Variables

Moralizing Supernatural Punishment and Reward Khwarezmid Empire (tm_khwarezmid_emp)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More

Human Sacrifice Khwarezmid Empire (tm_khwarezmid_emp)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More