Home Region: Polynesia (Oceania-Australia)

Hawaii I

1000 CE 1200 CE

D G SC WF R

EQ 2020 us_hawaii_1 / Hawaii1

Preceding Entity: Add one more here.

[NO_VALUE_ON_WIKI] [None] Update here

Succeeding Entity: Add one more here.

1200 CE 1580 CE Hawaii II (us_hawaii_2) [continuity]

General Description

Hawai’i, also known as the Big Island, is the largest island of the Hawaiian archipelago. Recent estimates for the date of initial settlement by Polynesian voyagers have varied from 800 to 1250 CE, but the latest Bayesian model, based on palaeoenvironmental data and a carefully defined set of archaeological radiocarbon dates, suggests that the archipelago was first colonized between 1000 and 1100. ^[1] Our ’Hawaii 1’ designates the earliest phase of Hawai’i’s prehistory, from around 1000 to 1200, before most of the changes characteristic of Kirch’s ’expansion period’, including a rapid rise in population, took place. ^[2]
Population and political organization
According to reconstructions of Hawaiki, the ancestral Polynesian homeland, ancient Polynesians recognized the authority of the *ariki, that is, the head of a lineage, who had both secular and sacred authority and was in charge of most, if not all, rituals. ^[3] However, a few thousand years separate Ancestral Polynesians from the earliest Hawaiians, and it is not clear how much the latter retained of the former’s culture and sociopolitical organization. The earliest island-wide unitary kingdom on the Big Island emerged around 1580; ^[4] before then the Big Island was probably divided into several small, independent polities. ^[5]
The founding population was probably about 100 people, due to the limited capacity of the canoes the first settlers likely used to reach the islands. ^[6] This population probably grew somewhat between 1000 and 1200, but no up-to-date estimates could be found in the literature — an estimate of 20,000 inhabitants for the entire archipelago around 1100 dates to 1985, when the earliest phase of human occupation was thought to have begun around 600 CE. ^[7]

[1]: (Athens, Rieth and Dye 2014) J. Stephen Athens, Timothy M. Rieth and Thomas S. Dye. 2014. ’A Paleoenvironmental and Archaeological Model-Based Age Estimate for the Colonization of Hawai’i’. American Antiquity 79(1): 144-55.

[2]: (Kirch 2010, 127) Patrick V. Kirch. 2010. How Chiefs Became Kings: Divine Kingship and the Rise of Archaic States in Ancient Hawai’i. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.

[3]: (Kirch 2012, 45) Patrick V. Kirch. 2012. A Shark Going Inland Is My Chief. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.

[4]: (Kirch 2010, 174) Patrick V. Kirch. 2010. How Chiefs Became Kings: Divine Kingship and the Rise of Archaic States in Ancient Hawai’i. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.

[5]: (Kirch 2016, personal communication)

[6]: (Kirch 2010, 129) Patrick V. Kirch. 2010. How Chiefs Became Kings: Divine Kingship and the Rise of Archaic States in Ancient Hawai’i. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.

[7]: (Kirch 1985, 302) Patrick V. Kirch. 1985. Feathered Gods and Fishhooks: An Introduction to Hawaiian Archaeology and Prehistory. Honolulu: University of Hawai’i Press.

General Variables

Identity and Location

1 Utm Zone

1 Original Name

1 Capital

7 Alternative Name

Temporal Bounds

1 Peak Years

1 Duration

Political and Cultural Relations

1 Suprapolity Relations

1 Succeeding Entity

2 Polity Succession

1 Degree of Centralization

Language

1 Linguistic Family

1 Language

Religion

Social Complexity Variables

Social Scale

1 Population of the Largest Settlement

1 Polity Territory

1 Polity Population

1 Largest Communication Distance

Hierarchical Complexity

1 Settlement Hierarchy

1 Religious Level

1 Military Level

1 Administrative Level

Professions

1 Professional Soldier

1 Professional Priesthood

1 Professional Military Officer

Bureaucracy Characteristics

1 Specialized Government Building

1 Merit Promotion

1 Full Time Bureaucrat

1 Examination System

Law

1 Professional Lawyer

1 Judge

1 Formal Legal Code

1 Court

Specialized Buildings: polity owned

1 Market

1 Irrigation System

1 Food Storage Site

1 Drinking Water Supply System

Transport Infrastructure

1 Road

1 Port

1 Canal

1 Bridge

Special-purpose Sites

1 Mines or Quarry

Information / Writing System

1 Written Record

1 Script

1 Phonetic Alphabetic Writing

Information / Kinds of Written Documents

1 Scientific Literature

1 Sacred Text

1 Religious Literature

1 Practical Literature

1 Philosophy

1 Lists Tables and Classification

1 History

1 Fiction

1 Calendar

Information / Money

1 Token

1 Precious Metal

1 Paper Currency

1 Indigenous Coin

1 Foreign Coin

Information / Postal System

1 Postal Station

1 General Postal Service

1 Courier

Information / Measurement System

Warfare Variables (Military Technologies)

Fortifications

1 Wooden Palisade

1 Stone Walls Non Mortared

1 Stone Walls Mortared

1 Settlements in a Defensive Position

1 Modern Fortification

1 Moat

1 Fortified Camp

1 Earth Rampart

1 Ditch

1 Complex Fortification

1 Long Wall

Military use of Metals

1 Steel

1 Iron

1 Copper

1 Bronze

Projectiles

1 Tension Siege Engine

1 Sling Siege Engine

1 Sling

1 Self Bow

1 Javelin

1 Handheld Firearm

1 Gunpowder Siege Artillery

1 Crossbow

1 Composite Bow

1 Atlatl

Handheld weapons

1 War Club

1 Sword

1 Spear

1 Polearm

1 Dagger

1 Battle Axe

Animals used in warfare

1 Horse

1 Elephant

1 Donkey

1 Dog

1 Camel

Armor

1 Wood Bark Etc

1 Shield

1 Scaled Armor

1 Plate Armor

1 Limb Protection

1 Leather Cloth

1 Laminar Armor

1 Helmet

1 Chainmail

1 Breastplate

Naval technology

1 Specialized Military Vessel

1 Small Vessels Canoes Etc

1 Merchant Ships Pressed Into Service

Economy Variables (Luxury Goods) Coding in Progress.

Religion Variables Coding in Progress.

Crisis Consequence Cases Coding in Progress.

Power Transitions Coding in Progress.

Instability Events Coding in Progress.

NGA Settlements:

Year Range	Hawaii I (us_hawaii_1) was in:
(1000 CE 1199 CE)	Big Island Hawaii

Home NGA: Big Island Hawaii

General Variables

Identity and Location Hawaii I (us_hawaii_1)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Utm Zone	5 Q Expert	1000 CE 1200 CE
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Original Name	Hawaii I Expert	1000 CE 1200 CE
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Capital	None (Absent Capital) Expert	1000 CE 1200 CE
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Alternative Name	Big Island Expert	1000 CE 1200 CE
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Alternative Name	Island of Hawaii Expert	1000 CE 1200 CE
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Alternative Name	Owyhee Expert	1000 CE 1200 CE
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Alternative Name	Owhyhee Expert	1000 CE 1200 CE
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Alternative Name	Hawaii Expert	1000 CE 1200 CE
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Alternative Name	Hawaii Island Expert	1000 CE 1200 CE
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Alternative Name	Big Island of Hawaii Expert	1000 CE 1200 CE
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Temporal Bounds Hawaii I (us_hawaii_1)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More
Peak Years	1200 CE Expert
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Duration	[1000 CE ➜ 1200 CE] Expert
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Political and Cultural Relations Hawaii I (us_hawaii_1)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Suprapolity Relations	unknown [---] Suspected Expert	1000 CE 1200 CE
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Succeeding Entity	Hawaii II Expert	1000 CE 1200 CE
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Succeeding Entity 1200 CE 1580 CE	Hawaii II (us_hawaii_2) [continuity] Expert
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Preceding Entity	NO_VALUE_ON_WIKI [None] Update here Expert
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Degree of Centralization	quasi-polity Expert	1000 CE 1200 CE
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Language Hawaii I (us_hawaii_1)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Linguistic Family	Austronesian Expert	1000 CE 1200 CE
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Language	Old Hawaiian Expert	1000 CE 1200 CE
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Religion Hawaii I (us_hawaii_1)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More

Social Complexity Variables

Social Scale Hawaii I (us_hawaii_1)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Population of the Largest Settlement	- Undecided	1000 CE 1200 CE
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Polity Territory	[1,700 to 3,000] km²	1000 CE 1200 CE
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Polity Population	- Undecided	1000 CE 1200 CE
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Largest Communication Distance	- Undecided	1000 CE 1200 CE
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Hierarchical Complexity Hawaii I (us_hawaii_1)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Settlement Hierarchy	1	1000 CE 1200 CE
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Religious Level	- Undecided	1000 CE 1200 CE
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Military Level	- Undecided	1000 CE 1200 CE
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Administrative Level	- Undecided	1000 CE 1200 CE
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Professions Hawaii I (us_hawaii_1)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Professional Soldier	Absent Inferred	1000 CE 1200 CE
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Professional Priesthood	Absent Inferred	1000 CE 1200 CE
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Professional Military Officer	Absent	1000 CE 1200 CE
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Bureaucracy Characteristics Hawaii I (us_hawaii_1)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Specialized Government Building	Absent Inferred	1000 CE 1200 CE
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Merit Promotion	Absent Inferred	1000 CE 1200 CE
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Full Time Bureaucrat	Absent Inferred	1000 CE 1200 CE
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Examination System	Absent Inferred	1000 CE 1200 CE
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Law Hawaii I (us_hawaii_1)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Professional Lawyer	Absent Inferred	1000 CE 1200 CE
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Judge	Absent Inferred	1000 CE 1200 CE
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Formal Legal Code	Absent Inferred	1000 CE 1200 CE
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Court	Absent Inferred	1000 CE 1200 CE
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Specialized Buildings: polity owned Hawaii I (us_hawaii_1)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Market	Unknown Suspected	1000 CE 1200 CE
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Irrigation System	Absent Inferred	1000 CE 1200 CE
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Food Storage Site	Unknown Suspected	1000 CE 1200 CE
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Drinking Water Supply System	Absent Inferred	1000 CE 1200 CE
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Transport Infrastructure Hawaii I (us_hawaii_1)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Road	Unknown Suspected	1000 CE 1200 CE
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Port	Unknown Suspected	1000 CE 1200 CE
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Canal	Unknown Suspected	1000 CE 1200 CE
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Bridge	Unknown Suspected	1000 CE 1200 CE
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Special-purpose Sites Hawaii I (us_hawaii_1)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Mines or Quarry	Unknown Suspected	1000 CE 1200 CE
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Information / Writing System Hawaii I (us_hawaii_1)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Written Record	Absent	1000 CE 1200 CE
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Script	Absent	1000 CE 1200 CE
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Phonetic Alphabetic Writing	Absent	1000 CE 1200 CE
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Information / Kinds of Written Documents Hawaii I (us_hawaii_1)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Scientific Literature	Absent	1000 CE 1200 CE
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Sacred Text	Absent	1000 CE 1200 CE
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Religious Literature	Absent	1000 CE 1200 CE
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Practical Literature	Absent	1000 CE 1200 CE
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Philosophy	Absent	1000 CE 1200 CE
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Lists Tables and Classification	Absent	1000 CE 1200 CE
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History	Absent	1000 CE 1200 CE
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Fiction	Absent	1000 CE 1200 CE
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Calendar	Absent	1000 CE 1200 CE
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Information / Money Hawaii I (us_hawaii_1)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Token	Unknown Suspected	1000 CE 1200 CE
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Precious Metal	Absent	1000 CE 1200 CE
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Paper Currency	Absent	1000 CE 1200 CE
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Indigenous Coin	Absent	1000 CE 1200 CE
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Foreign Coin	Absent	1000 CE 1200 CE
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Information / Postal System Hawaii I (us_hawaii_1)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Postal Station	Unknown Suspected	1000 CE 1200 CE
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General Postal Service	Unknown Suspected	1000 CE 1200 CE
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Courier	Unknown Suspected	1000 CE 1200 CE
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Information / Measurement System Hawaii I (us_hawaii_1)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More

Warfare Variables (Military Technologies)

Fortifications Hawaii I (us_hawaii_1)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Wooden Palisade	Unknown Suspected	1000 CE 1200 CE
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Stone Walls Non Mortared	Absent Inferred	1000 CE 1200 CE
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Stone Walls Mortared	Absent	1000 CE 1200 CE
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Settlements in a Defensive Position	Unknown Suspected	1000 CE 1200 CE
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Modern Fortification	Absent	1000 CE 1200 CE
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Moat	Unknown Suspected	1000 CE 1200 CE
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Fortified Camp	Absent	1000 CE 1200 CE
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Earth Rampart	Unknown Suspected	1000 CE 1200 CE
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Ditch	Unknown Suspected	1000 CE 1200 CE
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Complex Fortification	Absent	1000 CE 1200 CE
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Long Wall	absent	1000 CE 1200 CE
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Military use of Metals Hawaii I (us_hawaii_1)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Steel	Absent	1000 CE 1200 CE
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Iron	Absent	1000 CE 1200 CE
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Copper	Absent	1000 CE 1200 CE
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Bronze	Absent	1000 CE 1200 CE
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Projectiles Hawaii I (us_hawaii_1)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Tension Siege Engine	Absent	1000 CE 1200 CE
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Sling Siege Engine	Absent	1000 CE 1200 CE
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Sling	Unknown Suspected	1000 CE 1200 CE
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Self Bow	Unknown Suspected	1000 CE 1200 CE
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Javelin	Unknown Suspected	1000 CE 1200 CE
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Handheld Firearm	Absent	1000 CE 1200 CE
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Gunpowder Siege Artillery	Absent	1000 CE 1200 CE
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Crossbow	Absent	1000 CE 1200 CE
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Composite Bow	Unknown Suspected	1000 CE 1200 CE
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Atlatl	Unknown Suspected	1000 CE 1200 CE
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Handheld weapons Hawaii I (us_hawaii_1)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
War Club	Unknown Suspected	1000 CE 1200 CE
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Sword	Unknown Suspected	1000 CE 1200 CE
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Spear	Unknown Suspected	1000 CE 1200 CE
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Polearm	Unknown Suspected	1000 CE 1200 CE
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Dagger	Unknown Suspected	1000 CE 1200 CE
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Battle Axe	Unknown Suspected	1000 CE 1200 CE
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Animals used in warfare Hawaii I (us_hawaii_1)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Horse	Absent	1000 CE 1200 CE
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Elephant	Absent	1000 CE 1200 CE
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Donkey	Absent	1000 CE 1200 CE
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Dog	Absent Inferred	1000 CE 1200 CE
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Camel	Absent	1000 CE 1200 CE
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Armor Hawaii I (us_hawaii_1)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Wood Bark Etc	Unknown Suspected	1000 CE 1200 CE
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Shield	Unknown Suspected	1000 CE 1200 CE
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Scaled Armor	Absent	1000 CE 1200 CE
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Plate Armor	Absent	1000 CE 1200 CE
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Limb Protection	Unknown Suspected	1000 CE 1200 CE
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Leather Cloth	Unknown Suspected	1000 CE 1200 CE
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Laminar Armor	Absent	1000 CE 1200 CE
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Helmet	Unknown Suspected	1000 CE 1200 CE
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Chainmail	Absent	1000 CE 1200 CE
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Breastplate	Unknown Suspected	1000 CE 1200 CE
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Naval technology Hawaii I (us_hawaii_1)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Specialized Military Vessel	Absent	1000 CE 1200 CE
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Small Vessels Canoes Etc	Present Inferred	1000 CE 1200 CE
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Merchant Ships Pressed Into Service	Absent	1000 CE 1200 CE
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Economy Variables (Luxury Goods)

Religion Variables

Moralizing Supernatural Punishment and Reward Hawaii I (us_hawaii_1)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Moralizing Enforcement is Broad	Transitional (Absent -> Present)	1000 CE 1200 CE
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Moralizing Supernatural Concern is Primary	Absent Inferred	1000 CE 1200 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement is Agentic	Transitional (Absent -> Present)	1000 CE 1200 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement in This Life	Transitional (Absent -> Present)	1000 CE 1200 CE
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Moralizing Supernatural Punishment And Reward	Transitional (Absent -> Present)	1000 CE 1200 CE
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Moralizing Religion Adopted by Commoners	Transitional (Absent -> Present)	1000 CE 1200 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement is Targeted	Transitional (Absent -> Present)	1000 CE 1200 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement in Afterlife	Transitional (Absent -> Present)	1000 CE 1200 CE
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Moralizing Religion Adopted by Elites	Transitional (Absent -> Present)	1000 CE 1200 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement of Rulers	Absent Inferred	1000 CE 1200 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement is Certain	Transitional (Absent -> Present)	1000 CE 1200 CE
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Human Sacrifice Hawaii I (us_hawaii_1)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More