Home Region: Northeast Asia (East Asia)

Japan - Initial Jomon

9200 BCE 5300 BCE

D G SC WF R

EQ 2020 jp_jomon_2 / JpJomo2

Preceding Entity: Add one more here.

[continuity; Incipient Jomon] [continuity] Update here

Succeeding Entity: Add one more here.

5300 BCE 3500 BCE Japan - Early Jomon (jp_jomon_3) [continuity]

General Description

"Following the discovery of ’pre-Jomon’ pottery in Kyushu and elsewhere, Yamanouchi added an earlier stage that he called Soso-ki (the ’grass-roots’ stage). It has been adopted by some and rejected by others on the ground that the pottery is not ’Jomon’ and that the subsistence system of this phase was Paleolithic-style hunting. Some Westerners use this term, which I call Subearliest in order to distin- guish the phase from, and to show its relationship to, Earliest Jomon. Some prefer ’Incipient’.
"[...]
"By and large, the sites of this phase are rather few, and their cultural content is relatively meager. Bone fishhooks, usually not barbed, were rapidly improved along the northern coast. Arrowheads were small, used more frequently by inland hunters. Plant bulbs and starchy roots were dug with large, adzlike tools that were made of sandstone, slate, or other soft stone. Nuts and possibly seeds were pulverized with grinding stones. Hanawadai in Ibaragi Prefecture is the first recognizable Earliest Jomon community site. Five house pits lying about 10 meters apart contained two successive Hanawadai pottery subtypes, probably meaning that not more than three houses were occupied at any one time. The little bands of occupants could hardly have numbered more than ten or fifteen. One pit is not quite square, measuring 4.6 by 3.8 meters, and has twelve holes for posts. Outdoor fireplaces were used. Seemingly inconvenient bullet-shaped pots stood upright in the soft, loose surface soil. Dogs were kept around the house, the Canis familiaris japonica (small, short-haired, Spitz-like dogs) that were perhaps ancestors of the present-day Shiba.
"Most of the few human skeletons excavated from sites of this phase have been found intentionally buried among the shells, lying on their backs in flexed positions. They dramatize the severe conditions faced by the people of that day. The earliest known Jomon man was uncovered in 1949 below a shell layer in the Hirasaka shell mound in Yokohoma City. He stood rather tall for a Jomon person: about 163 centimeters. His lower left molars were worn down to the jawbone, probably caused by years of pulling leather thongs across them, and X-rays of his bones showed growth interruptions, interpreted as near-fatal spells of extreme malnutrition during childhood. The joints testify to early aging. Virtually unused wisdom teeth are partial evidence for a life expectancy of about thirty years, an estimated average through the Middle Jomon, with an increase of only one year during the next two millennia, until the adoption of rice as a dietary staple.
"[...]
"Koyama Shuzo calculated the population of the Earliest Jomon to be around 21,900. Inhabitants had moved to higher land in the valleys of the lower-central mountains and established communities to the north-east. Concentration in these areas throughout most of the Jomon period can be accounted for by a variety and abundance of plant, mammal, and sea life, where northern and southern environmental zones overlap in central Japan. With the exception of the Latest Jomon, and possibly the Middle Jomon, the Kanto sites are usually more numerous and frequently larger. Over half of the Earliest Jomon population was strung out along the banks of Kanto streams, with ready access to water supplies, for the same reason that earlier and later people - amounting to teeming millions in modern times - congregated there." ^[1]

[1]: (Kidder, Jr. 2008, 60-61)

General Variables

Identity and Location

1 Utm Zone

1 Original Name

1 Capital

3 Alternative Name

Temporal Bounds

1 Duration

Political and Cultural Relations

1 Succeeding Entity

1 Relationship to preceding Entity

2 Polity Succession

1 Degree of Centralization

Language

1 Linguistic Family

1 Language

Religion

Social Complexity Variables

Social Scale

1 Polity Territory

1 Polity Population

1 Largest Communication Distance

Hierarchical Complexity

1 Settlement Hierarchy

1 Administrative Level

Professions

1 Professional Soldier

1 Professional Priesthood

1 Professional Military Officer

Bureaucracy Characteristics

1 Specialized Government Building

1 Merit Promotion

1 Full Time Bureaucrat

1 Examination System

Law

1 Professional Lawyer

1 Judge

1 Formal Legal Code

1 Court

Specialized Buildings: polity owned

1 Market

1 Irrigation System

1 Food Storage Site

1 Drinking Water Supply System

Transport Infrastructure

1 Road

Special-purpose Sites

1 Ceremonial Site

1 Burial Site

Information / Writing System

1 Written Record

1 Script

1 Phonetic Alphabetic Writing

Information / Kinds of Written Documents

1 Scientific Literature

1 Sacred Text

1 Religious Literature

1 Practical Literature

1 Philosophy

1 Lists Tables and Classification

1 History

1 Fiction

1 Calendar

Information / Money

1 Paper Currency

1 Indigenous Coin

Information / Postal System

1 Postal Station

1 General Postal Service

1 Courier

Information / Measurement System

Warfare Variables (Military Technologies)

Fortifications

1 Wooden Palisade

1 Stone Walls Non Mortared

1 Stone Walls Mortared

1 Settlements in a Defensive Position

1 Modern Fortification

1 Moat

1 Fortified Camp

1 Earth Rampart

1 Ditch

1 Complex Fortification

1 Long Wall

Military use of Metals

1 Steel

1 Iron

1 Copper

1 Bronze

Projectiles

1 Tension Siege Engine

1 Sling Siege Engine

1 Sling

1 Self Bow

1 Javelin

1 Handheld Firearm

1 Gunpowder Siege Artillery

1 Crossbow

1 Composite Bow

1 Atlatl

Handheld weapons

1 War Club

1 Sword

1 Spear

1 Polearm

1 Dagger

1 Battle Axe

Animals used in warfare

1 Horse

1 Elephant

1 Donkey

1 Dog

1 Camel

Armor

1 Wood Bark Etc

1 Shield

1 Scaled Armor

1 Plate Armor

1 Limb Protection

1 Leather Cloth

1 Laminar Armor

1 Helmet

1 Chainmail

1 Breastplate

Naval technology

1 Specialized Military Vessel

1 Small Vessels Canoes Etc

1 Merchant Ships Pressed Into Service

Economy Variables (Luxury Goods) Coding in Progress.

Religion Variables Coding in Progress.

Crisis Consequence Cases Coding in Progress.

Power Transitions Coding in Progress.

Instability Events Coding in Progress.

NGA Settlements:

Year Range	Japan - Initial Jomon (jp_jomon_2) was in:
(9200 BCE 5301 BCE)	Kansai

Home NGA: Kansai

General Variables

Identity and Location Japan - Initial Jomon (jp_jomon_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Utm Zone	53 S	9200 BCE 5300 BCE
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Original Name	Japan - Initial Jomon	9200 BCE 5300 BCE
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Capital	inferred absent	9200 BCE 5300 BCE
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Alternative Name	Kakuriyama	9200 BCE 5300 BCE
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Alternative Name	Kuwano	9200 BCE 5300 BCE
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Alternative Name	Natsushima	9200 BCE 5300 BCE
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Temporal Bounds Japan - Initial Jomon (jp_jomon_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More
Duration	[9200 BCE ➜ 5300 BCE]
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Political and Cultural Relations Japan - Initial Jomon (jp_jomon_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Succeeding Entity	Early Jomon	9200 BCE 5300 BCE
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Relationship to Preceding Entity	continuity	9200 BCE 5300 BCE
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Preceding Entity	continuity; Incipient Jomon [continuity] Update here
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Succeeding Entity 5300 BCE 3500 BCE	Japan - Early Jomon (jp_jomon_3) [continuity]
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Degree of Centralization	quasi-polity	9200 BCE 5300 BCE
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Language Japan - Initial Jomon (jp_jomon_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Linguistic Family	NO_VALUE_ON_WIKI	9200 BCE 5300 BCE
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Language	uncoded Undecided	9200 BCE 5300 BCE
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Religion Japan - Initial Jomon (jp_jomon_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More

Social Complexity Variables

Social Scale Japan - Initial Jomon (jp_jomon_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Polity Territory	- Undecided	9200 BCE 5300 BCE
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Polity Population	- Undecided	9200 BCE 5300 BCE
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Largest Communication Distance	- Undecided	9200 BCE 5300 BCE
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Hierarchical Complexity Japan - Initial Jomon (jp_jomon_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Settlement Hierarchy	[1 to 2]	9200 BCE 5300 BCE
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Administrative Level	- Undecided	9200 BCE 5300 BCE
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Professions Japan - Initial Jomon (jp_jomon_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Professional Soldier	Absent	9200 BCE 5300 BCE
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Professional Priesthood	Absent	9200 BCE 5300 BCE
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Professional Military Officer	Absent	9200 BCE 5300 BCE
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Bureaucracy Characteristics Japan - Initial Jomon (jp_jomon_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Specialized Government Building	Absent	9200 BCE 5300 BCE
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Merit Promotion	Absent	9200 BCE 5300 BCE
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Full Time Bureaucrat	Absent	9200 BCE 5300 BCE
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Examination System	Absent	9200 BCE 5300 BCE
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Law Japan - Initial Jomon (jp_jomon_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Professional Lawyer	Absent	9200 BCE 5300 BCE
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Judge	Absent	9200 BCE 5300 BCE
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Formal Legal Code	Absent	9200 BCE 5300 BCE
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Court	Absent	9200 BCE 5300 BCE
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Specialized Buildings: polity owned Japan - Initial Jomon (jp_jomon_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Market	Unknown Suspected	9200 BCE 5300 BCE
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Irrigation System	Absent Inferred	9200 BCE 5300 BCE
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Food Storage Site	Absent Inferred	9200 BCE 5300 BCE
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Drinking Water Supply System	Unknown Suspected	9200 BCE 5300 BCE
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Transport Infrastructure Japan - Initial Jomon (jp_jomon_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Road	Absent Inferred	9200 BCE 5300 BCE
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Special-purpose Sites Japan - Initial Jomon (jp_jomon_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Ceremonial Site	Uncoded Undecided	9200 BCE 5300 BCE
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Burial Site	Uncoded Undecided	9200 BCE 5300 BCE
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Information / Writing System Japan - Initial Jomon (jp_jomon_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Written Record	Absent	9200 BCE 5300 BCE
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Script	Absent	9200 BCE 5300 BCE
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Phonetic Alphabetic Writing	Absent	9200 BCE 5300 BCE
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Information / Kinds of Written Documents Japan - Initial Jomon (jp_jomon_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Scientific Literature	Absent	9200 BCE 5300 BCE
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Sacred Text	Absent	9200 BCE 5300 BCE
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Religious Literature	Absent	9200 BCE 5300 BCE
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Practical Literature	Absent	9200 BCE 5300 BCE
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Philosophy	Absent	9200 BCE 5300 BCE
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Lists Tables and Classification	Absent	9200 BCE 5300 BCE
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History	Absent	9200 BCE 5300 BCE
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Fiction	Absent	9200 BCE 5300 BCE
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Calendar	Absent	9200 BCE 5300 BCE
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Information / Money Japan - Initial Jomon (jp_jomon_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Paper Currency	Absent	9200 BCE 5300 BCE
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Indigenous Coin	Absent	9200 BCE 5300 BCE
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Information / Postal System Japan - Initial Jomon (jp_jomon_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Postal Station	Absent	9200 BCE 5300 BCE
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General Postal Service	Absent	9200 BCE 5300 BCE
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Courier	Absent	9200 BCE 5300 BCE
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Information / Measurement System Japan - Initial Jomon (jp_jomon_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More

Warfare Variables (Military Technologies)

Fortifications Japan - Initial Jomon (jp_jomon_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Wooden Palisade	Absent	9200 BCE 5300 BCE
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Stone Walls Non Mortared	Absent	9200 BCE 5300 BCE
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Stone Walls Mortared	Absent	9200 BCE 5300 BCE
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Settlements in a Defensive Position	Absent	9200 BCE 5300 BCE
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Modern Fortification	Absent	9200 BCE 5300 BCE
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Moat	Absent	9200 BCE 5300 BCE
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Fortified Camp	Absent	9200 BCE 5300 BCE
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Earth Rampart	Absent	9200 BCE 5300 BCE
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Ditch	Absent	9200 BCE 5300 BCE
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Complex Fortification	Absent	9200 BCE 5300 BCE
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Long Wall	absent	9200 BCE 5300 BCE
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Military use of Metals Japan - Initial Jomon (jp_jomon_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Steel	Absent	9200 BCE 5300 BCE
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Iron	Absent	9200 BCE 5300 BCE
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Copper	Absent	9200 BCE 5300 BCE
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Bronze	Absent	9200 BCE 5300 BCE
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Projectiles Japan - Initial Jomon (jp_jomon_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Tension Siege Engine	Absent	9200 BCE 5300 BCE
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Sling Siege Engine	Absent	9200 BCE 5300 BCE
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Sling	Absent	9200 BCE 5300 BCE
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Self Bow	Present Inferred	9200 BCE 5300 BCE
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Javelin	Absent	9200 BCE 5300 BCE
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Handheld Firearm	Absent	9200 BCE 5300 BCE
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Gunpowder Siege Artillery	Absent	9200 BCE 5300 BCE
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Crossbow	Absent	9200 BCE 5300 BCE
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Composite Bow	Absent	9200 BCE 5300 BCE
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Atlatl	Absent	9200 BCE 5300 BCE
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Handheld weapons Japan - Initial Jomon (jp_jomon_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
War Club	Absent	9200 BCE 5300 BCE
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Sword	Absent	9200 BCE 5300 BCE
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Spear	Absent	9200 BCE 5300 BCE
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Polearm	Absent	9200 BCE 5300 BCE
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Dagger	Absent	9200 BCE 5300 BCE
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Battle Axe	Present Inferred	9200 BCE 5300 BCE
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Animals used in warfare Japan - Initial Jomon (jp_jomon_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Horse	Absent	9200 BCE 5300 BCE
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Elephant	Absent	9200 BCE 5300 BCE
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Donkey	Absent	9200 BCE 5300 BCE
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Dog	Absent	9200 BCE 5300 BCE
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Camel	Absent	9200 BCE 5300 BCE
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Armor Japan - Initial Jomon (jp_jomon_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Wood Bark Etc	Absent	9200 BCE 5300 BCE
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Shield	Absent	9200 BCE 5300 BCE
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Scaled Armor	Absent	9200 BCE 5300 BCE
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Plate Armor	Absent	9200 BCE 5300 BCE
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Limb Protection	Absent	9200 BCE 5300 BCE
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Leather Cloth	Absent	9200 BCE 5300 BCE
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Laminar Armor	Absent	9200 BCE 5300 BCE
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Helmet	Absent	9200 BCE 5300 BCE
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Chainmail	Absent	9200 BCE 5300 BCE
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Breastplate	Absent	9200 BCE 5300 BCE
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Naval technology Japan - Initial Jomon (jp_jomon_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Specialized Military Vessel	Absent	9200 BCE 5300 BCE
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Small Vessels Canoes Etc	Present Inferred	9200 BCE 5300 BCE
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Merchant Ships Pressed Into Service	Absent	9200 BCE 5300 BCE
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Economy Variables (Luxury Goods)

Religion Variables

Moralizing Supernatural Punishment and Reward Japan - Initial Jomon (jp_jomon_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Moralizing Enforcement is Broad	Unknown	9200 BCE 5300 BCE
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Moralizing Supernatural Concern is Primary	Unknown	9200 BCE 5300 BCE
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Moralizing Enforcement is Agentic	Unknown	9200 BCE 5300 BCE
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Moralizing Enforcement in This Life	Unknown	9200 BCE 5300 BCE
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Moralizing Supernatural Punishment And Reward	Unknown	9200 BCE 5300 BCE
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Moralizing Religion Adopted by Commoners	Unknown	9200 BCE 5300 BCE
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Moralizing Enforcement is Targeted	Unknown	9200 BCE 5300 BCE
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Moralizing Enforcement in Afterlife	Unknown	9200 BCE 5300 BCE
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Moralizing Religion Adopted by Elites	Unknown	9200 BCE 5300 BCE
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Moralizing Enforcement of Rulers	Unknown	9200 BCE 5300 BCE
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Moralizing Enforcement is Certain	Unknown	9200 BCE 5300 BCE
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Human Sacrifice Japan - Initial Jomon (jp_jomon_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More