Home Region:  Pakistan (South Asia)

Kachi Plain - Post-Urban Period

1800 BCE 1300 BCE
EQ 2020  pk_kachi_post_urban / PkPostU
Preceding Entity: Add one more here.
2100 BCE 1800 BCE Kachi Plain - Urban Period II (pk_kachi_urban_2)    [None]

Succeeding Entity:
No Polity found. Add one here.


  General Description  
The Kachi Plain, in modern-day Pakistan, is hemmed in on two of its three sides by the mountains of Baluchistan, while its southeastern side opens up to the Indus Valley. [1] Here, the settlement of Pirak was established not long after the beginning of the second millennium BCE, and it was continuously occupied from that time up until the sixth or seventh century BCE. Here we consider Pirak I, that is, the phase of Pirak’s occupation that corresponds to the best part of the second millennium BCE. [2] It seems very likely that Pirak was part of a larger assemblage of culturally similar settlements, but, perhaps due to the erosive effects of nearby rivers, only Pirak remains. [3] Notable archaeological finds from the site at this time include terracotta seals, horse and camel figurines, and zoomorphic game pieces, and the site’s architecture and agricultural infrastructure is somewhat reminiscent of the Indus Valley Civilization. [4]
Population and political organization
Not much appears to be known about Pirak’s political organization, although the retrieval of terracotta seals [5] suggests perhaps the existence of some form of bureaucracy.
The scholarly literature does not provide population estimates.

[1]: (Jarrige & Enault 1976, 29) Jean-Francois Jarrige and Jean-Francois Enault. 1976. Fouilles de Pirak. Arts Asiatiques 32: 29-70.

[2]: (Jarrige & Enault 1976, 32-33) Jean-Francois Jarrige and Jean-Francois Enault. 1976. Fouilles de Pirak. Arts Asiatiques 32: 29-70.

[3]: (Jarrige & Enault 1976, 45-46) Jean-Francois Jarrige and Jean-Francois Enault. 1976. Fouilles de Pirak. Arts Asiatiques 32: 29-70.

[4]: (Jarrige & Enault 1976, 33-36) Jean-Francois Jarrige and Jean-Francois Enault. 1976. Fouilles de Pirak. Arts Asiatiques 32: 29-70.

[5]: (Jarrige & Enault 1976, 36) Jean-Francois Jarrige and Jean-Francois Enault. 1976. Fouilles de Pirak. Arts Asiatiques 32: 29-70.

Economy Variables (Luxury Goods) Coding in Progress.
Religion Variables Coding in Progress.
Crisis Consequence Cases Coding in Progress.
Power Transitions Coding in Progress.
Instability Events Coding in Progress.

NGA Settlements:

Year Range Kachi Plain - Post-Urban Period (pk_kachi_post_urban) was in:
 (1800 BCE 1301 BCE) Kachi Plain
Home NGA: Kachi Plain

General Variables
Identity and Location Kachi Plain - Post-Urban Period (pk_kachi_post_urban)
Variable Coded Value / Certainty Tags Year(s) See More
Utm Zone 42 R 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Original Name Kachi Plain - Post-Urban Period 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Capital 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Alternative Name Late Harappan 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Alternative Name Pirak I 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Temporal Bounds Kachi Plain - Post-Urban Period (pk_kachi_post_urban)
Variable Coded Value / Certainty Tags Year(s) See More
Duration [1800 BCE ➜ 1300 BCE]
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Political and Cultural Relations Kachi Plain - Post-Urban Period (pk_kachi_post_urban)
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Suprapolity Relations 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Succeeding Entity Kachi Plain - Proto-Historic Period 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Preceding Entity
2100 BCE 1800 BCE
Kachi Plain - Urban Period II (pk_kachi_urban_2)   [None] 
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Degree of Centralization 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Language Kachi Plain - Post-Urban Period (pk_kachi_post_urban)
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Linguistic Family unknown 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Language 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Religion Kachi Plain - Post-Urban Period (pk_kachi_post_urban)
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Social Complexity Variables
Social Scale Kachi Plain - Post-Urban Period (pk_kachi_post_urban)
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Population of the Largest Settlement 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Polity Territory 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Polity Population 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Largest Communication Distance 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Hierarchical Complexity Kachi Plain - Post-Urban Period (pk_kachi_post_urban)
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Settlement Hierarchy 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Religious Level 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Military Level 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Administrative Level 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Professions Kachi Plain - Post-Urban Period (pk_kachi_post_urban)
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Professional Soldier 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Professional Priesthood 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Professional Military Officer 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Bureaucracy Characteristics Kachi Plain - Post-Urban Period (pk_kachi_post_urban)
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Specialized Government Building 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Full Time Bureaucrat 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Law Kachi Plain - Post-Urban Period (pk_kachi_post_urban)
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Professional Lawyer 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Judge 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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1800 BCE  1300 BCE
Court 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Specialized Buildings: polity owned Kachi Plain - Post-Urban Period (pk_kachi_post_urban)
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Market 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Irrigation System 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Food Storage Site 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Drinking Water Supply System 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Transport Infrastructure Kachi Plain - Post-Urban Period (pk_kachi_post_urban)
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Road 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Port 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Canal Present Inferred 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Bridge Present Inferred 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Special-purpose Sites Kachi Plain - Post-Urban Period (pk_kachi_post_urban)
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Information / Writing System Kachi Plain - Post-Urban Period (pk_kachi_post_urban)
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Written Record 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Script 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Phonetic Alphabetic Writing 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Nonwritten Record 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Non Phonetic Writing 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Mnemonic Device 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Information / Kinds of Written Documents Kachi Plain - Post-Urban Period (pk_kachi_post_urban)
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Scientific Literature 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Sacred Text 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Religious Literature 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Practical Literature 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Philosophy 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Lists Tables and Classification 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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History 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Fiction 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Calendar 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Information / Money Kachi Plain - Post-Urban Period (pk_kachi_post_urban)
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Token 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Precious Metal 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Paper Currency 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Indigenous Coin 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Foreign Coin 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Article Present Inferred 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Information / Postal System Kachi Plain - Post-Urban Period (pk_kachi_post_urban)
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Postal Station 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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General Postal Service 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Courier 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Information / Measurement System Kachi Plain - Post-Urban Period (pk_kachi_post_urban)
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Warfare Variables (Military Technologies)
Fortifications Kachi Plain - Post-Urban Period (pk_kachi_post_urban)
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Wooden Palisade 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Stone Walls Non Mortared 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Stone Walls Mortared 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Settlements in a Defensive Position 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Modern Fortification 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Moat Absent 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Fortified Camp 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Earth Rampart 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Ditch Absent 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Complex Fortification 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Long Wall absent 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Military use of Metals Kachi Plain - Post-Urban Period (pk_kachi_post_urban)
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Steel 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Iron 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Bronze 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Projectiles Kachi Plain - Post-Urban Period (pk_kachi_post_urban)
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Tension Siege Engine 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Sling Siege Engine 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Sling 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Self Bow 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Javelin 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Handheld Firearm 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Gunpowder Siege Artillery 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Crossbow 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Composite Bow 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Atlatl 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Handheld weapons Kachi Plain - Post-Urban Period (pk_kachi_post_urban)
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War Club 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Sword 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Spear 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Polearm 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Dagger 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Battle Axe 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Animals used in warfare Kachi Plain - Post-Urban Period (pk_kachi_post_urban)
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Horse 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Elephant 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Donkey 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Donkey 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Dog 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Camel 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Armor Kachi Plain - Post-Urban Period (pk_kachi_post_urban)
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Wood Bark Etc 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Shield 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Scaled Armor 1800 BCE 1700 BCE
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Scaled Armor 1600 BCE 1301 BCE
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Plate Armor 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Limb Protection 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Leather Cloth 1800 BCE 1700 BCE
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Leather Cloth 1600 BCE 1301 BCE
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Laminar Armor 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Helmet 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Chainmail 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Breastplate 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Naval technology Kachi Plain - Post-Urban Period (pk_kachi_post_urban)
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Specialized Military Vessel 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Small Vessels Canoes Etc 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Merchant Ships Pressed Into Service 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Economy Variables (Luxury Goods)
Religion Variables
Moralizing Supernatural Punishment and Reward Kachi Plain - Post-Urban Period (pk_kachi_post_urban)
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Moralizing Enforcement is Broad 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Moralizing Supernatural Concern is Primary 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Moralizing Enforcement is Agentic 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Moralizing Enforcement in This Life 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Moralizing Supernatural Punishment And Reward 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Moralizing Religion Adopted by Commoners 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Moralizing Enforcement is Targeted 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Moralizing Enforcement in Afterlife 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Moralizing Religion Adopted by Elites 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Moralizing Enforcement of Rulers 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Moralizing Enforcement is Certain 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Human Sacrifice Kachi Plain - Post-Urban Period (pk_kachi_post_urban)
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Instability Data
Power Transitions