Home Region: Pakistan (South Asia)

Kachi Plain - Post-Urban Period

1800 BCE 1300 BCE

D G SC WF R

EQ 2020 pk_kachi_post_urban / PkPostU

Preceding Entity: Add one more here.

2100 BCE 1800 BCE Kachi Plain - Urban Period II (pk_kachi_urban_2) [None]

Succeeding Entity:

No Polity found. Add one here.

General Description

The Kachi Plain, in modern-day Pakistan, is hemmed in on two of its three sides by the mountains of Baluchistan, while its southeastern side opens up to the Indus Valley. ^[1] Here, the settlement of Pirak was established not long after the beginning of the second millennium BCE, and it was continuously occupied from that time up until the sixth or seventh century BCE. Here we consider Pirak I, that is, the phase of Pirak’s occupation that corresponds to the best part of the second millennium BCE. ^[2] It seems very likely that Pirak was part of a larger assemblage of culturally similar settlements, but, perhaps due to the erosive effects of nearby rivers, only Pirak remains. ^[3] Notable archaeological finds from the site at this time include terracotta seals, horse and camel figurines, and zoomorphic game pieces, and the site’s architecture and agricultural infrastructure is somewhat reminiscent of the Indus Valley Civilization. ^[4]
Population and political organization
Not much appears to be known about Pirak’s political organization, although the retrieval of terracotta seals ^[5] suggests perhaps the existence of some form of bureaucracy.
The scholarly literature does not provide population estimates.

[1]: (Jarrige & Enault 1976, 29) Jean-Francois Jarrige and Jean-Francois Enault. 1976. Fouilles de Pirak. Arts Asiatiques 32: 29-70.

[2]: (Jarrige & Enault 1976, 32-33) Jean-Francois Jarrige and Jean-Francois Enault. 1976. Fouilles de Pirak. Arts Asiatiques 32: 29-70.

[3]: (Jarrige & Enault 1976, 45-46) Jean-Francois Jarrige and Jean-Francois Enault. 1976. Fouilles de Pirak. Arts Asiatiques 32: 29-70.

[4]: (Jarrige & Enault 1976, 33-36) Jean-Francois Jarrige and Jean-Francois Enault. 1976. Fouilles de Pirak. Arts Asiatiques 32: 29-70.

[5]: (Jarrige & Enault 1976, 36) Jean-Francois Jarrige and Jean-Francois Enault. 1976. Fouilles de Pirak. Arts Asiatiques 32: 29-70.

General Variables

Identity and Location

1 Utm Zone

1 Original Name

1 Capital

2 Alternative Name

Temporal Bounds

1 Duration

Political and Cultural Relations

1 Suprapolity Relations

1 Succeeding Entity

1 Polity Succession

1 Degree of Centralization

Language

1 Linguistic Family

1 Language

Religion

Social Complexity Variables

Social Scale

1 Population of the Largest Settlement

1 Polity Territory

1 Polity Population

1 Largest Communication Distance

Hierarchical Complexity

1 Settlement Hierarchy

1 Religious Level

1 Military Level

1 Administrative Level

Professions

1 Professional Soldier

1 Professional Priesthood

1 Professional Military Officer

Bureaucracy Characteristics

1 Specialized Government Building

1 Full Time Bureaucrat

Law

1 Professional Lawyer

1 Judge

1 Formal Legal Code

1 Court

Specialized Buildings: polity owned

1 Market

1 Irrigation System

1 Food Storage Site

1 Drinking Water Supply System

Transport Infrastructure

1 Road

1 Port

1 Canal

1 Bridge

Special-purpose Sites

Information / Writing System

1 Written Record

1 Script

1 Phonetic Alphabetic Writing

1 Nonwritten Record

1 Non Phonetic Writing

1 Mnemonic Device

Information / Kinds of Written Documents

1 Scientific Literature

1 Sacred Text

1 Religious Literature

1 Practical Literature

1 Philosophy

1 Lists Tables and Classification

1 History

1 Fiction

1 Calendar

Information / Money

1 Token

1 Precious Metal

1 Paper Currency

1 Indigenous Coin

1 Foreign Coin

1 Article

Information / Postal System

1 Postal Station

1 General Postal Service

1 Courier

Information / Measurement System

Warfare Variables (Military Technologies)

Fortifications

1 Wooden Palisade

1 Stone Walls Non Mortared

1 Stone Walls Mortared

1 Settlements in a Defensive Position

1 Modern Fortification

1 Moat

1 Fortified Camp

1 Earth Rampart

1 Ditch

1 Complex Fortification

1 Long Wall

Military use of Metals

1 Steel

1 Iron

1 Bronze

Projectiles

1 Tension Siege Engine

1 Sling Siege Engine

1 Sling

1 Self Bow

1 Javelin

1 Handheld Firearm

1 Gunpowder Siege Artillery

1 Crossbow

1 Composite Bow

1 Atlatl

Handheld weapons

1 War Club

1 Sword

1 Spear

1 Polearm

1 Dagger

1 Battle Axe

Animals used in warfare

1 Horse

1 Elephant

2 Donkey

1 Dog

1 Camel

Armor

1 Wood Bark Etc

1 Shield

2 Scaled Armor

1 Plate Armor

1 Limb Protection

2 Leather Cloth

1 Laminar Armor

1 Helmet

1 Chainmail

1 Breastplate

Naval technology

1 Specialized Military Vessel

1 Small Vessels Canoes Etc

1 Merchant Ships Pressed Into Service

Economy Variables (Luxury Goods) Coding in Progress.

Religion Variables Coding in Progress.

Crisis Consequence Cases Coding in Progress.

Power Transitions Coding in Progress.

Instability Events Coding in Progress.

NGA Settlements:

Year Range	Kachi Plain - Post-Urban Period (pk_kachi_post_urban) was in:
(1800 BCE 1301 BCE)	Kachi Plain

Home NGA: Kachi Plain

General Variables

Identity and Location Kachi Plain - Post-Urban Period (pk_kachi_post_urban)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Utm Zone	42 R	1800 BCE 1300 BCE
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Original Name	Kachi Plain - Post-Urban Period	1800 BCE 1300 BCE
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Capital	unknown	1800 BCE 1300 BCE
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Alternative Name	Late Harappan	1800 BCE 1300 BCE
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Alternative Name	Pirak I	1800 BCE 1300 BCE
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Temporal Bounds Kachi Plain - Post-Urban Period (pk_kachi_post_urban)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More
Duration	[1800 BCE ➜ 1300 BCE]
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Political and Cultural Relations Kachi Plain - Post-Urban Period (pk_kachi_post_urban)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Suprapolity Relations	unknown [---]	1800 BCE 1300 BCE
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Succeeding Entity	Kachi Plain - Proto-Historic Period	1800 BCE 1300 BCE
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Preceding Entity 2100 BCE 1800 BCE	Kachi Plain - Urban Period II (pk_kachi_urban_2) [None]
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Degree of Centralization	loose	1800 BCE 1300 BCE
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Language Kachi Plain - Post-Urban Period (pk_kachi_post_urban)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Linguistic Family	unknown	1800 BCE 1300 BCE
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Language	uncoded Undecided	1800 BCE 1300 BCE
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Religion Kachi Plain - Post-Urban Period (pk_kachi_post_urban)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More

Social Complexity Variables

Social Scale Kachi Plain - Post-Urban Period (pk_kachi_post_urban)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Population of the Largest Settlement	[450 to 1,800] people	1800 BCE 1300 BCE
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Polity Territory	- Undecided	1800 BCE 1300 BCE
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Polity Population	- Undecided	1800 BCE 1300 BCE
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Largest Communication Distance	- Undecided	1800 BCE 1300 BCE
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Hierarchical Complexity Kachi Plain - Post-Urban Period (pk_kachi_post_urban)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Settlement Hierarchy	[1 to 2]	1800 BCE 1300 BCE
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Religious Level	1	1800 BCE 1300 BCE
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Military Level	[0 to 1]	1800 BCE 1300 BCE
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Administrative Level	[0 to 2]	1800 BCE 1300 BCE
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Professions Kachi Plain - Post-Urban Period (pk_kachi_post_urban)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Professional Soldier	Absent Inferred	1800 BCE 1300 BCE
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Professional Priesthood	Present Inferred	1800 BCE 1300 BCE
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Professional Military Officer	Absent Inferred	1800 BCE 1300 BCE
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Bureaucracy Characteristics Kachi Plain - Post-Urban Period (pk_kachi_post_urban)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Specialized Government Building	Absent Inferred	1800 BCE 1300 BCE
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Full Time Bureaucrat	Absent Inferred	1800 BCE 1300 BCE
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Law Kachi Plain - Post-Urban Period (pk_kachi_post_urban)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Professional Lawyer	Absent	1800 BCE 1300 BCE
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Judge	Absent	1800 BCE 1300 BCE
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Formal Legal Code	Absent Inferred	1800 BCE 1300 BCE
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Court	Absent	1800 BCE 1300 BCE
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Specialized Buildings: polity owned Kachi Plain - Post-Urban Period (pk_kachi_post_urban)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Market	Unknown Suspected	1800 BCE 1300 BCE
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Irrigation System	Absent Inferred	1800 BCE 1300 BCE
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Food Storage Site	Absent	1800 BCE 1300 BCE
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Drinking Water Supply System	Absent Inferred	1800 BCE 1300 BCE
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Transport Infrastructure Kachi Plain - Post-Urban Period (pk_kachi_post_urban)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Road	Absent Inferred	1800 BCE 1300 BCE
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Port	Absent	1800 BCE 1300 BCE
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Canal	Present Inferred	1800 BCE 1300 BCE
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Bridge	Present Inferred	1800 BCE 1300 BCE
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Special-purpose Sites Kachi Plain - Post-Urban Period (pk_kachi_post_urban)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More

Information / Writing System Kachi Plain - Post-Urban Period (pk_kachi_post_urban)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Written Record	Absent	1800 BCE 1300 BCE
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Script	Absent	1800 BCE 1300 BCE
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Phonetic Alphabetic Writing	Absent	1800 BCE 1300 BCE
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Nonwritten Record	Present Inferred	1800 BCE 1300 BCE
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Non Phonetic Writing	Absent	1800 BCE 1300 BCE
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Mnemonic Device	Unknown Suspected	1800 BCE 1300 BCE
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Information / Kinds of Written Documents Kachi Plain - Post-Urban Period (pk_kachi_post_urban)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Scientific Literature	Absent	1800 BCE 1300 BCE
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Sacred Text	Absent	1800 BCE 1300 BCE
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Religious Literature	Absent	1800 BCE 1300 BCE
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Practical Literature	Absent	1800 BCE 1300 BCE
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Philosophy	Absent	1800 BCE 1300 BCE
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Lists Tables and Classification	Absent	1800 BCE 1300 BCE
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History	Absent	1800 BCE 1300 BCE
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Fiction	Absent	1800 BCE 1300 BCE
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Calendar	Absent	1800 BCE 1300 BCE
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Information / Money Kachi Plain - Post-Urban Period (pk_kachi_post_urban)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Token	Present Inferred	1800 BCE 1300 BCE
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Precious Metal	Present Inferred	1800 BCE 1300 BCE
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Paper Currency	Absent Inferred	1800 BCE 1300 BCE
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Indigenous Coin	Absent Inferred	1800 BCE 1300 BCE
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Foreign Coin	Absent Inferred	1800 BCE 1300 BCE
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Article	Present Inferred	1800 BCE 1300 BCE
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Information / Postal System Kachi Plain - Post-Urban Period (pk_kachi_post_urban)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Postal Station	Absent	1800 BCE 1300 BCE
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General Postal Service	Absent	1800 BCE 1300 BCE
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Courier	Absent	1800 BCE 1300 BCE
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Information / Measurement System Kachi Plain - Post-Urban Period (pk_kachi_post_urban)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More

Warfare Variables (Military Technologies)

Fortifications Kachi Plain - Post-Urban Period (pk_kachi_post_urban)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Wooden Palisade	Absent	1800 BCE 1300 BCE
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Stone Walls Non Mortared	Absent	1800 BCE 1300 BCE
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Stone Walls Mortared	Absent	1800 BCE 1300 BCE
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Settlements in a Defensive Position	Absent Inferred	1800 BCE 1300 BCE
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Modern Fortification	Absent	1800 BCE 1300 BCE
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Moat	Absent	1800 BCE 1300 BCE
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Fortified Camp	Absent	1800 BCE 1300 BCE
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Earth Rampart	Absent	1800 BCE 1300 BCE
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Ditch	Absent	1800 BCE 1300 BCE
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Complex Fortification	Absent	1800 BCE 1300 BCE
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Long Wall	absent	1800 BCE 1300 BCE
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Military use of Metals Kachi Plain - Post-Urban Period (pk_kachi_post_urban)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Steel	Absent	1800 BCE 1300 BCE
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Iron	Present Inferred	1800 BCE 1300 BCE
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Bronze	Absent	1800 BCE 1300 BCE
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Projectiles Kachi Plain - Post-Urban Period (pk_kachi_post_urban)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Tension Siege Engine	Absent	1800 BCE 1300 BCE
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Sling Siege Engine	Absent	1800 BCE 1300 BCE
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Sling	Absent	1800 BCE 1300 BCE
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Self Bow	Present	1800 BCE 1300 BCE
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Javelin	Absent	1800 BCE 1300 BCE
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Handheld Firearm	Absent	1800 BCE 1300 BCE
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Gunpowder Siege Artillery	Absent	1800 BCE 1300 BCE
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Crossbow	Absent	1800 BCE 1300 BCE
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Composite Bow	Absent	1800 BCE 1300 BCE
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Atlatl	Absent	1800 BCE 1300 BCE
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Handheld weapons Kachi Plain - Post-Urban Period (pk_kachi_post_urban)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
War Club	Absent	1800 BCE 1300 BCE
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Sword	Absent	1800 BCE 1300 BCE
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Spear	Present	1800 BCE 1300 BCE
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Polearm	Absent	1800 BCE 1300 BCE
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Dagger	Present	1800 BCE 1300 BCE
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Battle Axe	Present	1800 BCE 1300 BCE
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Animals used in warfare Kachi Plain - Post-Urban Period (pk_kachi_post_urban)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Horse	Absent	1800 BCE 1300 BCE
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Elephant	Absent	1800 BCE 1300 BCE
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Donkey	Present Uncertain	1800 BCE 1300 BCE
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Donkey	Absent Uncertain	1800 BCE 1300 BCE
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Dog	Absent	1800 BCE 1300 BCE
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Camel	Absent	1800 BCE 1300 BCE
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Armor Kachi Plain - Post-Urban Period (pk_kachi_post_urban)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Wood Bark Etc	Absent	1800 BCE 1300 BCE
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Shield	Absent	1800 BCE 1300 BCE
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Scaled Armor	Absent	1800 BCE 1700 BCE
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Scaled Armor	Unknown Suspected	1600 BCE 1301 BCE
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Plate Armor	Absent	1800 BCE 1300 BCE
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Limb Protection	Absent	1800 BCE 1300 BCE
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Leather Cloth	Absent	1800 BCE 1700 BCE
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Leather Cloth	Unknown Suspected	1600 BCE 1301 BCE
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Laminar Armor	Absent	1800 BCE 1300 BCE
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Helmet	Absent	1800 BCE 1300 BCE
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Chainmail	Absent	1800 BCE 1300 BCE
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Breastplate	Absent	1800 BCE 1300 BCE
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Naval technology Kachi Plain - Post-Urban Period (pk_kachi_post_urban)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Specialized Military Vessel	Absent	1800 BCE 1300 BCE
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Small Vessels Canoes Etc	Absent	1800 BCE 1300 BCE
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Merchant Ships Pressed Into Service	Absent	1800 BCE 1300 BCE
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Economy Variables (Luxury Goods)

Religion Variables

Moralizing Supernatural Punishment and Reward Kachi Plain - Post-Urban Period (pk_kachi_post_urban)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Moralizing Enforcement is Broad	Unknown	1800 BCE 1300 BCE
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Moralizing Supernatural Concern is Primary	Unknown	1800 BCE 1300 BCE
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Moralizing Enforcement is Agentic	Unknown	1800 BCE 1300 BCE
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Moralizing Enforcement in This Life	Unknown	1800 BCE 1300 BCE
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Moralizing Supernatural Punishment And Reward	Unknown	1800 BCE 1300 BCE
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Moralizing Religion Adopted by Commoners	Unknown	1800 BCE 1300 BCE
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Moralizing Enforcement is Targeted	Unknown	1800 BCE 1300 BCE
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Moralizing Enforcement in Afterlife	Unknown	1800 BCE 1300 BCE
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Moralizing Religion Adopted by Elites	Unknown	1800 BCE 1300 BCE
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Moralizing Enforcement of Rulers	Unknown	1800 BCE 1300 BCE
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Moralizing Enforcement is Certain	Unknown	1800 BCE 1300 BCE
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Human Sacrifice Kachi Plain - Post-Urban Period (pk_kachi_post_urban)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More